39/12 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Bangladesh

GE.18-11472(E)



Human Rights Council Thirty-ninth session

10–28 September 2018

Agenda item 6

Universal periodic review

Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review*

Bangladesh

* The annex is being circulated without formal editing, in the language of submission only.

United Nations A/HRC/39/12

General Assembly

Introduction

1. The Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, established in accordance

with Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, held its thirtieth session from 7 to 18 May 2018.

The review of Bangladesh was held at the 11th meeting, on 14 May 2018. The delegation

of Bangladesh was headed by the Minister of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs,

Anisul Huq. At its 17th meeting, held on 17 May 2018, the Working Group adopted the

report on Bangladesh.

2. On 10 January 2018, the Human Rights Council selected the following group of

rapporteurs (troika) to facilitate the review of Bangladesh: Afghanistan, Rwanda and

Ukraine.

3. In accordance with paragraph 15 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution

5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21, the following documents

were issued for the review of Bangladesh:

(a) A national report submitted/written presentation made in accordance

with paragraph 15 (a) (A/HRC/WG.6/30/BGD/1);

(b) A compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in accordance with paragraph 15 (b)

(A/HRC/WG.6/30/BGD/2);

(c) A summary prepared by OHCHR in accordance with paragraph 15 (c)

(A/HRC/WG.6/30/BGD/3).

4. A list of questions prepared in advance by Belgium, Brazil, Germany, Liechtenstein,

Malta, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great

Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and Uruguay was transmitted to

Bangladesh through the troika. These questions are available on the website of the universal

periodic review.

I. Summary of the proceedings of the review process

A. Presentation by the State under review

5. The head of the delegation said that “all human beings are born equal in dignity and

rights”, referring to article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and stated that,

regrettably, discrimination and human rights violations were still present in what some

analysts were calling a post–human rights era. In such a global context, Bangladesh had

opened its border for the forcibly displaced nationals of Myanmar.

6. He said that, despite constraints, the Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina, had welcomed

the Rohingya, whom he described as the most persecuted people in the world, who had

been forced to flee from their homes in Myanmar. Bangladeshi people had embraced the

1.1 million helpless Rohingya, who, he said, had suffered the worst kind of human rights

violations in Myanmar, and with support from the international community had provided

basic services and temporary shelter. Humanitarian agencies had been given full access to

Cox’s Bazar, where the world’s largest camp sheltered the Rohingya.

7. Bangladesh had made remarkable progress in terms of socioeconomic development,

attaining record GDP growth of 7.5 per cent. The poverty rate had been brought down to

24.3 per cent in 2016, from 38.4 per cent in 2006. Life expectancy had increased to 72

years.

8. Bangladesh had met all three criteria for graduation from least developed country

status, and believed that its inclusive development agenda, of leaving no one behind, was

closely linked with its vision of ensuring human rights for all. The head of the delegation

reported that, in the past five years, Bangladesh had made every possible effort to

implement the 191 recommendations accepted from the previous cycle, through a

consultative process engaging the Government and civil society.

9. In the past four years, Bangladesh had submitted reports under the International

Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Protection of

the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, the International

Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of

Persons with Disabilities and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination against Women. Bangladesh had also facilitated a visit by the Special

Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief and two visits by the Special Rapporteur on the

situation of human rights in Myanmar. Bangladesh had responded favourably to request for

meetings from the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants and the Working

Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances. Before entering into any further

international obligations, Bangladesh needed to address capacity-building issues regarding

its national institutions.

10. In the past five years, the National Human Rights Commission had been

strengthened substantially. Furthermore, 50 parliamentary committees, including 39

standing committees and the Anti-Corruption Commission, were overseeing

implementation of universal periodic review recommendations. The independent judiciary

continued to play its due role as an effective recourse for justice.

11. Bangladesh maintained a “zero tolerance” policy regarding the criminal liability of

law enforcement officials. The law in general neither accorded them immunity from

criminal prosecution nor favoured them. Bangladesh unequivocally condemned all

incidents of violence against religious and ethnic minorities and addressed allegations of

such violence as promptly as possible.

12. To protect the rights of ethnic minorities, the Government had committed to

implementing the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in its entirety. The fifteenth

amendment of the Constitution stipulated the State’s responsibility to protect and develop

the unique local culture and tradition of the tribal and ethnic communities.

13. The democratic environment was thriving, with over 3,000 local and international

non-government organizations currently operating in Bangladesh. Since the second review,

18 new television channels had been approved, bringing the total number to 34, and 2,800

newspapers were operating. Also, the Bangladesh Journalists’ Welfare Trust Act 2014 had

been enacted.

14. According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index of 2017,

Bangladesh had ranked forty-seventh out of 144 countries and first in South Asia. It had

ranked seventh in the world for women’s political empowerment. Through the seventeenth

amendment of the Constitution, Bangladesh had extended the tenure of women Members of

Parliament in reserved seats. One third of the seats had been reserved for women candidates

in local body elections. For her pioneering role in empowering women, the Prime Minister

had been honoured with the Global Women’s Leadership Award 2018.

15. Bangladesh had enacted the Children Act 2013, updating the earlier Act, and also in

2013 had amended the Birth and Death Registration Act 2004. The Rights and Protection of

Persons with Disabilities Act had been adopted in 2013. A separate act had been passed in

2013 to address the needs of persons, including children, with mental disorder and autism.

The Government had reserved a 1 per cent quota for disabled persons for first-class

government jobs and a 10 per cent quota for third- and fourth-class government jobs.

16. The Labour Act 2006 had been amended in 2013, providing flexible procedures for

trade union registration and occupational health and safety measures. All garment factories

were now recognized as compliant. To promote safe, orderly and regular migration,

Bangladesh had enacted the Overseas Employment and Migrants Act 2013.

17. The Government had adopted the National Social Security Strategy in 2015,

ensuring the right to social security for unemployed persons, disabled persons, widows,

orphans and elderly citizens. Bangladesh had also initiated a life cycle-based social security

agenda, covering people of all age groups within the social security net equally and

inclusively.

18. To ensure the safety and health of citizens, the Government had enacted the Food

Safety Act 2013 and had also adopted the Food Safety Rules 2014. Under that Act, 64 pure

food courts had been established.

19. At present, 97.9 per cent of the population benefited from improved drinking water

coverage and 99 per cent of the population had been brought within the coverage of

sanitation facilities.

20. Bangladesh had brought over 80 per cent of its people within the coverage of

electricity facilities, and planned to ensure electricity for all by 2021.

21. Adult literacy had increased to 72.3 per cent in 2016, from 53.5 per cent in 2005.

Government incentives, for example stipends, had resulted in a primary school enrolment

rate of almost 100 per cent for girls.

22. To foster public health, Bangladesh had adopted, in 2016, its National Drug Policy.

It had already formulated the National Adolescent Health Strategy 2017–2030.

23. Addressing global issues such as terrorism and violent extremism all over the world,

Bangladesh had undertaken massive awareness programmes to prevent violent extremism

and radicalization, engaging youth, women and community leaders.

24. To address the adverse impacts of climate change, at the initiative of the Prime

Minister, a climate change trust fund worth $400 million had been established, with the

country’s own resources. Bangladesh had earmarked 6–7 per cent of its annual budget for

adaptation projects. Bangladesh remained committed to fulfilling its obligations under the

Paris Agreement, and called for international cooperation and assistance in addressing this

challenge.

B. Interactive dialogue and responses by the State under review

25. During the interactive dialogue, 105 delegations made statements.

Recommendations made during the dialogue are to be found in section II of the present

report.

26. Sri Lanka stated that the opening of the borders to Rohingya refugees had been

exemplary. It urged Bangladesh to implement its pledge to eliminate child labour by 2025.

27. The State of Palestine noted the efforts of Bangladesh to combat poverty and

improve standards of living, and to promote women’s rights, especially in work.

28. The Sudan recognized the efforts of Bangladesh in the field of human rights, and

commended the country’s cooperation with the Human Rights Council, despite challenges.

29. Sweden acknowledged the important role Bangladesh had played in the face of an

overwhelming influx of Rohingya refugees deserving solidarity and support from the

international community.

30. Switzerland called on Bangladesh to guarantee democratic, free and fair elections in

2018. It congratulated Bangladesh for hosting a large number of Rohingya refugees.

31. The Syrian Arab Republic applauded the efforts of Bangladesh to improve human

rights, despite challenges and obstacles.

32. Thailand commended the amendments to different laws, and encouraged Bangladesh

to continue working with Myanmar and international organizations to ensure voluntary

repatriation of persons in Cox’s Bazar.

33. Togo noted the decisions to strengthen the national human rights institution and the

efforts made to address the challenges from the flow of Rohingya refugees.

34. Tunisia applauded efforts to improve human rights, including raising the marriage

age, combating violence against women and combating human trafficking.

35. Turkey commended efforts to advance human rights, the cooperation with

international human rights mechanisms, and the addressing by Bangladesh of the acute

humanitarian situation from the influx of Rohingya refugees.

36. Turkmenistan noted reforms to the national system for the protection of human

rights, and the establishment of the Office of the Ombudsman. It commended poverty

reduction efforts.

37. Ukraine commended legislative and policy initiatives to tackle human rights

challenges. It urged taking further steps to ensure the human rights of Rohingya refugees.

38. The United Arab Emirates applauded the progress in economic and social rights and

commended the legislation to protect the family and preserve its social value.

39. The United Kingdom expressed concerns about allegations of extrajudicial killings

and enforced disappearances. It called upon Bangladesh to address pressures on freedom of

expression and of religion or belief.

40. The United States expressed concern about limitations on freedoms of association

and expression targeting the opposition, and reports of human rights violations by the

security forces, and urged holding genuine elections.

41. Uruguay welcomed the commitment to provide refuge to 800,000 Rohingya

refugees, the replacement of the death penalty with other forms of punishment, and

measures taken to prevent violence against women and children.

42. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela appreciated efforts to implement previous

review recommendations, noted the national development programmes and housing

projects, and asked about measures taken to empower women.

43. Viet Nam commended Bangladesh for its economic growth in 2017, and reducing

poverty. It asked about the efforts made to combat climate change.

44. Yemen recognized the cooperation by Bangladesh with international partners to

fulfil its human rights obligations, including legislative measures on torture, children and

disabilities.

45. Zambia remained concerned that Bangladesh was lagging behind in fulfilling its

international obligations and regarding cooperation with human rights mechanisms, and had

not ratified a number of human rights instruments.

46. Zimbabwe noted the legislative, policy and administrative measures to promote and

protect human rights, including the enactment of laws to protect children and persons with

disabilities, and on food security.

47. Afghanistan acknowledged the various legislative and policy initiatives taken to

strengthen national institutions. It noted the accommodation of about 1 million Rohingya

refugees.

48. Algeria welcomed the adoption of measures to reinforce democratic practice and

transparency in the management of public affairs. It welcomed measures adopted to combat

corruption, and on Rohingya refugees.

49. Argentina commended the adoption of the seventh five-year plan, focusing on the

Sustainable Development Goals. It noted measures taken to combat discrimination and

violence against minorities and to address the Rohingya refugee crisis.

50. Australia urged protection of the rights of displaced Rohingya. It underscored the

importance of free, fair and inclusive elections later in the year. It noted extrajudicial deaths

and the imposition of the death penalty.

51. Austria commended the sheltering of Rohingya, and expressed worry about reports

of attacks against religious minorities, journalists and human rights defenders. It noted the

age of criminal responsibility remained at 9 years.

52. Azerbaijan commended the graduation of Bangladesh from the least developed

country category. It asked how the refuge of 1 million Rohingya people in the Cox’s Bazar

district had affected the rights of the Bangladeshi people.

53. Bahrain commended the passing of the Ombudsman Act, demonstrating the priority

given by Bangladesh to delivering consistency and fairness in applying the law. It

welcomed the development of the National Social Security Strategy, as it included targets

from the Sustainable Development Goals.

54. Barbados commended Bangladesh for legislative reforms, and recognized that

improving its human rights situation was a continuous process and Bangladesh had much

more work to do.

55. Belarus welcomed the comprehensive and systematic work to achieve the

Sustainable Development Goals and congratulated Bangladesh on the progress in

improving its population’s well-being.

56. Belgium recognized positive steps in implementing previous review

recommendations, and encouraged further strengthening of the protection of human rights,

in line with international treaties.

57. Benin commended efforts to implement recommendations from the previous review.

It noted the good cooperation that Bangladesh had with the international human rights

mechanisms.

58. Bhutan welcomed achievements in meeting the criteria to graduate from the least

developed country category, and encouraged Bangladesh to continue with its people-

centred development agenda, with particular focus on vulnerable sections of society.

59. The Plurinational State of Bolivia noted progress in poverty reduction, and was

interested in learning about the country’s experience with progressive implementation of

the right to social security.

60. Bosnia and Herzegovina encouraged Bangladesh to submit its outstanding periodic

treaty body reports, while acknowledging the efforts it had made to improve the human

rights situation.

61. Botswana applauded Bangladesh for accommodating about 1 million Rohingya

refugees. It noted legislative measures undertaken in line with treaty obligations on

children, torture, and disabilities.

62. The head of the delegation thanked all for extending humanitarian support for the

Rohingya and made a request for the support needed to ensure their voluntary, dignified

and safe return.

63. He emphasized that even without acceding to the Convention relating to the Status

of Refugees, of 1951, and its Protocol, Bangladesh was doing more than countries that had

signed those instruments, detailing support measures taken for the Rohingya. Responding

to a question from Azerbaijan about the impact of the Rohingya crisis, he stated that

currently in Cox’s Bazar there were twice as many Rohingya as local residents. The influx

had caused price hikes of basic goods in the area. The local people, unable to use their land

for cultivation, lost out in the labour market to the Rohingya, who accepted lower wages.

Municipal services had been unavailable to locals since the influx, adding more suffering.

At the national level, resources had been diverted to deploy additional law enforcement

officials in Cox’s Bazar for the protection of the Rohingya, depriving other areas of the

country.

64. Regarding law enforcement agencies and human rights, he underscored the zero-

tolerance policy in cases of criminal liability of members of the law enforcement agencies,

and gave the example of Narayanganj 7 murder case, in which the severest punishment had

been meted out to convicted members of law enforcement agencies. The Government had

an unequivocal, no-impunity stance regarding the involvement of law enforcement agencies

in kidnapping or abduction.

65. He respectfully disagreed that enforced disappearances occurred in Bangladesh

frequently. Often, cases of possible abduction of individuals were reported as enforced

disappearances. He said that that was done with the obvious intention of maligning the

Government and its achievements. In many cases, the perceived victims had reappeared,

proving the allegations of the so-called enforced disappearance false.

66. The Government was vigilant to protect civil society and bloggers and thus create

space for freedom of expression for all walks of life. It had instructed all police stations in

Bangladesh to provide security for individuals. Since 2016, no new case had been found

where such unfortunate killings had taken place or threats had been made.

67. The Information and Communication Technology Act had been enacted in 2006 to

legalize electronic signatures. Following questions raised by the media, the Government

had found the section incongruous and agreed to repeal section 57. To combat cybercrime

and ensure cybersecurity, Bangladesh was in the process of enacting the Digital Security

Act, and would ensure it did not affect freedom of speech and of expression.

68. In 2013, Bangladesh had amended the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929 and had

raised the marriageable age to 18 for girls and 21 for boys. The special provision in the Act

regarding special circumstances would be applied only with the consent of the court and the

guardians of the persons involved. So far, there had been no case of misuse of the

provision. The Government would remain vigilant on its proper implementation.

69. Regarding ratification of the International Convention for the Protection of All

Persons from Enforced Disappearance, he stated that Bangladesh would have to make a

detailed analysis of the provisions of the Convention and of their implications on the

existing legal system. Thereafter, a decision would be made about whether ratification of

the Convention was necessary. The enactment of the Torture and Custodial Death

(Prevention) Act 2013 had been testimony that Bangladesh accepted the recommendations

of the second review cycle. Before ratifying the Optional Protocol allowing the complaint

mechanism, Bangladesh would first need to address the gaps in the national legislation. The

Government was planning to bring necessary amendments into the law, in consultation with

concerned stakeholders.

70. Brazil commended the generosity in sheltering Rohingya and commended efforts to

promote gender equality and reduce poverty. It encouraged Bangladesh to accede to the

statelessness conventions and other important instruments.

71. Cambodia commended the amendment of human rights-related legislation, and

achievements in economic and social development, and encouraged Bangladesh to provide

resources to strengthen national institutions promoting human rights, democracy, good

governance and the rule of law.

72. Canada welcomed efforts to host the Rohingya and called upon Bangladesh to

implement the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,

1948 (No. 87), and the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949

(No. 98).

73. Chile welcomed progress made in human rights, but expressed concerns about

pending requests for visits from special rapporteurs and a working group.

74. China welcomed the country’s efforts in socioeconomic development, poverty

reduction, and the improvement of education and health-care services and social protection

systems.

75. Côte d’Ivoire congratulated Bangladesh for its solidarity with Rohingya refugees,

and encouraged further improvement of the situation of women, children and refugees.

76. Cuba welcomed the approval of new laws and asked what priority the Government

had established for providing social security to vulnerable groups.

77. Czechia welcomed the constructive attitude in accepting a great number of Rohingya

refugees, but noted serious persisting human rights challenges.

78. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea welcomed legislative and policy

measures taken to improve human rights and efforts to develop the country.

79. Denmark expressed concerns about child marriage, and about the lack of human

resources and office equipment and the absence of rules that impeded the work of the land

commission.

80. Djibouti welcomed progress made on the rights of the child and of persons with

disabilities, and the strengthening of the National Human Rights Commission.

81. Egypt asked about the legal measures adopted and social security strategy launched

to protect the elderly, and welcomed the adoption of a programme to provide jobs and

stable income for the poorest groups.

82. Estonia commended Bangladesh for its efforts in keeping its borders open and

protecting refugees fleeing discrimination, persecution and violence in Myanmar.

83. Finland commended measures taken since the last review cycle to address violence

against women and girls, but remained concerned over the high number of reports of such

violence.

84. France commended the progress made on the right to food, health care and

education, and the good reception given to the refugees from Myanmar.

85. Gabon welcomed efforts in managing natural disasters and guaranteeing the rights of

vulnerable people, such as women, children, and people living with HIV/AIDS.

86. Georgia welcomed the country’s efforts to combat trafficking and commended its

efforts to receive Rohingya refugees with full respect for the international protection

regime, despite not being a party to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.

87. Germany expressed appreciation to Bangladesh for offering refuge to hundreds of

thousands of Rohingya refugees.

88. Ghana commended efforts to protect human rights and noted particularly the

strengthening of democratic institutions and accountability mechanisms.

89. Greece commended the generosity in hosting Rohingya refugees and the immense

efforts made by Bangladesh in facing the Rohingya humanitarian crisis.

90. Guyana congratulated Bangladesh on the distinction of having women in the roles of

Prime Minister, Speaker, and Leader and Deputy Leader of the Opposition.

91. Haiti congratulated Bangladesh on its continued efforts to protect the rights of large

numbers of refugees fleeing discrimination and violence in the region.

92. The Holy See acknowledged efforts to promote and protect human rights,

particularly of Rohingya refugees, and progress made in poverty reduction and in interfaith

dialogue.

93. Honduras expressed appreciation for progress in implementing recommendations

from the previous review and reiterated its support for the Government’s efforts.

94. Iceland paid tribute to the Government’s hospitality and compassion in providing

humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya community.

95. India commended the progress achieved in relation to development, poverty

reduction and food security, and praised measures for improving gender equality in

accessing education, health care and employment.

96. Indonesia commended the strengthening of institutional and legal measures to

protect women from violence. It welcomed the adoption of the Ombudsman Act and the

addressing of trafficking.

97. The Islamic Republic of Iran noted that the unexpected influx of Rohingya refugees

had hindered the progress made to protect human rights, which required attention from the

international community.

98. Saudi Arabia commended human rights education efforts, including the training

provided by the National Human Rights Commission to the law enforcement agencies, and

incorporating human rights in the police academy curriculum.

99. Ireland commended Bangladesh on its protection of Rohingya refugees and its

cooperation with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar,

while being concerned over legislation restricting freedom of expression and over reports of

violence against human rights defenders.

100. Italy welcomed the commitment by Bangladesh to the review process, and

particularly, efforts made to protect children’s rights, and appreciated the intention to

extend compulsory primary education.

101. Japan welcomed the adoption of the Judicial Service Discipline Rules, and efforts to

promote capacity-building for judges and legal officials, and appreciated the decision to

accommodate large numbers of refugees, and the continued dialogue with Myanmar.

102. Jordan commended the support provided by Bangladesh to the national institutions

to promote human rights, and commended the legislative and administrative measures taken

in that regard.

103. Kuwait welcomed the efforts made since the last review, mainly in cooperating with

special procedures, enhancing the National Human Rights Commission, strengthening the

Anti-Corruption Commission and adopting human rights laws.

104. The head of the delegation stated that Bangladesh was now studying two drafts of

the Anti-Discrimination Act and would soon come up with an Act.

105. To make access to justice freer, Bangladesh was addressing capacity issues in the

judiciary, including encouraging alternative dispute resolution.

106. He stated that there was no child labour in the ready-made garments sector and that

Bangladesh was committed to eliminating child labour in all its forms by 2025, as

enshrined in Sustainable Development Goal 8.7. Earlier, Bangladesh had reduced the

membership threshold for setting up trade unions from 30 per cent to 20 per cent. The law

had been amended to allow trade unions in export processing zones. Bangladesh had also

acceded to the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,

1948 (No. 87), and the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No.

98).

107. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic commended measures taken to implement

human rights treaties at the national level, including the adoption of laws relating to torture,

persons with disabilities, and children.

108. The Russian Federation welcomed steps to adopt laws on national food security, on

children and on persons with disabilities, and effective steps to combat corruption.

109. Pakistan noted with appreciation the adoption of domestic violence prevention and

protection rules and the enactment of the Child Marriage Restraint Act, and the efforts to

eradicate poverty.

110. Libya appreciated efforts to implement universal periodic review recommendations

and treaty obligations, including the adoption of laws on persons with disabilities,

preventing torture, and children.

111. Madagascar expressed satisfaction with the “zero tolerance” policy towards all

forms of violence against religious minorities and with the adoption of the social security

strategy.

112. Malaysia commended steps taken to strengthen national institutions to promote

democracy, good governance and the rule of law, and the compassionate response to the

Rohingya crisis. It asked about steps taken to reduce the use of pretrial detention.

113. Maldives commended Bangladesh on the legislative measures protecting the rights

of persons with disabilities, and restraining child marriage, and on biodiversity.

114. Mexico recognized the progress made since the previous cycle, particularly the

efforts to house over 1 million Rohingya refugees.

115. Montenegro welcomed progress in combating discrimination, remained concerned

about discrimination against women and children in marginalized situations, and urged the

revealing of discriminatory laws and policies.

116. Morocco commended the efforts made for the Rohingya, and in strengthening

institutional mechanisms and combating terrorism.

117. Namibia commended Bangladesh for taking administrative and legal measures to

strengthen the Anti-Corruption Commission, and establishing an Ombudsman’s office and

a child rights commission.

118. Nepal appreciated efforts aimed at strengthening the national human rights

institutions, promoting gender equality, and hosting a large number of refugees on

humanitarian grounds.

119. The Netherlands welcomed steps to reform legal restrictions on freedom of

expression, related to religious groups and minorities. It regretted the Government’s

reluctance to denounce attacks against human rights defenders and restrictive legislation.

120. New Zealand commended the response by Bangladesh to the Rohingya crisis and

efforts made to promote workplace safety, and remained concerned at the use of the death

penalty and reprisals.

121. Nigeria commended Bangladesh for cooperating with human rights mechanisms,

and its adoption of laws on the rights of persons with disabilities, children, combating

torture, terrorism and trafficking.

122. Norway noted the country’s remarkable social and economic progress, including

poverty reduction and girls’ education.

123. Oman applauded Bangladesh for its commitment to the rule of law, equality and

justice, and for hosting about 1 million Rohingya refugees, adding to its national

development challenges.

124. Lebanon praised the management by Bangladesh of the sudden influx of large

numbers of refugees, despite its limited resources, and commended its efforts to meet its

international obligations, particularly in human rights education.

125. Peru recognized the Government’s generous welcome to Rohingya refugees and

encouraged it to continue providing the necessary support to that population.

126. The Philippines commended the enactment of the Overseas Employment and

Migrant Act, and efforts in poverty eradication and in addressing the adverse impact of

climate change.

127. Poland acknowledged efforts to improve the human rights situation of Rohingya

refugees, to combat discrimination and corruption, to strengthen access to justice and to

protect vulnerable groups.

128. Portugal welcomed positive steps taken since the previous review, such as the

adoption of a national strategy on refugees from Myanmar and undocumented nationals of

Myanmar.

129. Qatar noted the efforts of Bangladesh to promote human rights, including economic,

social and cultural rights, consolidate democracy and strengthen the judiciary and its

independence.

130. The Republic of Korea applauded the commitment by Bangladesh to accepting

refugees from Myanmar and cooperating with the United Nations to protect their rights, and

noted adoption of the Domestic Violence Act.

131. Latvia noted positive measures taken by Bangladesh and encouraged it to make

further efforts in fulfilling its human rights obligations.

132. Iraq appreciated efforts to implement recommendations of the previous review and

to implement human rights treaty obligations at the national level through legislative and

policy measures.

133. Senegal hailed measures to help vulnerable groups, the submission of reports to the

treaty bodies and the hosting of displaced Rohingya despite resource challenges.

134. Serbia welcomed measures to strengthen the independence of the National Human

Rights Commission and improve court capacity. It encouraged Bangladesh to enforce

national legislation on child labour and invest in access to justice.

135. Singapore commended the prioritization of the protection of women, and the

adoption of the National Action Plan to Prevent Violence against Women and Children, and

was confident of the success of efforts to transform Bangladesh into a middle-income

country by 2021.

136. Slovakia appreciated efforts to train journalists, expressing concern about cases of

murder of journalists. It noted that disadvantaged children had limited educational

opportunities.

137. Slovenia welcomed the work to ensure children’s rights, particularly efforts to

eradicate child marriage, and expressed concern about the situation of lesbian, gay,

bisexual, transgender and intersex persons.

138. South Africa commended the Perspective Plan 2010–2021, the implementation of

five-year plans and the strengthening of institutional mechanisms.

139. Spain noted efforts to promote and protect human rights, especially of minorities, to

combat torture and to improve job security, and invited Bangladesh to approve the National

Plan on Persons with Disabilities.

140. Tajikistan noted positively the enactment of numerous laws on children and persons

with disabilities, and combating torture, for the promotion and protection of human rights.

141. Ecuador commended efforts to cope with the influx of refugees, and progress on the

rights of children and persons with disabilities and on combating corruption.

142. The head of the delegation noted that Bangladesh had ratified the Optional Protocols

to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and

the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Before entering into an Optional

Protocol related to complaint mechanisms, Bangladesh would like to make existing national

institutions stronger and more effective.

143. Regarding youth and employment, he noted that 1.4 million new jobs had been

created since 2015. The Employment Generation Programme for the poorest provided a

secure and regular source of income to over 700,000 people, more than 30 per cent of them

women.

144. He noted that Bangladesh was a multiparty democracy and political parties enjoyed

freedom of assembly and peaceful protest. He stated that it was unfortunate that, since

2014, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party had boycotted or disrupted election processes in

ways condemned by many. The Government was committed to ensuring people’s right to

vote, at any cost. Elections would be held on time, in accordance with Constitutional

provisions, under the independent Election Commission.

145. The Supreme Court had issued a directive to stop all forms of corporal punishment

against children at educational institutions and the Government had issued a circular

accordingly. The head of the delegation stressed that when considering the human rights

situation of a country, we must not lose sight of its specific social, political, cultural,

economic and demographic situation. Therefore, efforts needed to be aligned with the

people’s views, opinions and values, specifically on issues such as the death penalty or

same-sex relations.

146. The head of delegation concluded by thanking all delegations, the troika members,

the National Human Rights Commission and other stakeholders.

II. Conclusions and/or recommendations

147. The recommendations formulated during the interactive dialogue/listed below

have been examined by Bangladesh and enjoy the support of Bangladesh:

147.1 Continue constructive cooperation with the United Nations human

rights mechanisms (Tajikistan);

147.2 Continue its cooperation with the United Nations and its mechanisms

to protect and promote human rights (Kuwait);

147.3 Continue to strengthen national mechanisms that strengthen the

human rights situation (Sudan);

147.4 Incorporate provisions of international human rights instruments to

which it is a party into its domestic legislation (Zimbabwe);

147.5 Make further efforts to strengthen existing national legislation to

address discrepancies and to enact new legislation to implement international

human rights instruments it is a party to (Bhutan);

147.6 Continue to bring its national legislation and policies fully in line with

its international commitments (Barbados);

147.7 Bring legislation into conformity with the obligations under the

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by repealing restrictive

provisions that limit the rights of journalists, human rights defenders and civil

society organizations to freedom of expression and free speech (Latvia);

147.8 Promptly implement the recommendations accepted in the second

cycle of the universal periodic review, on extrajudicial executions, and enforced

disappearances, and against torture (France);

147.9 Establish a plan of action to ensure full implementation of the

Chittagong Hill Tracts Accord (Australia);

147.10 Launch a road map with a clear timeline for the speedy, proper and

full implementation of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Accord (Denmark);

147.11 Continue efforts to implement the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace

Accord and ensure that the ethnic minorities fully enjoy their rights

(Maldives);

147.12 Increase efforts to implement the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace

Accord (New Zealand);

147.13 Continue to implement the national social security strategy,

prioritizing the situation of women, children, persons with disabilities and the

elderly (Belarus);

147.14 Provide a mechanism to follow up the full implementation of the

Parental Maintenance Act of 2013 (United Arab Emirates);

147.15 Continue to strengthen human and financial resources of the

National Human Rights Commission (Turkey);

147.16 Continue to implement measures aimed at strengthening the National

Human Rights Commission (Zimbabwe);

147.17 Provide the National Human Rights Commission with the resources

to fully implement its mission (France);

147.18 Provide adequate financial and technical resources to the National

Human Rights Commission to enable it fulfil its mandate (Ghana);

147.19 Continue to strengthen the role of the National Human Rights

Commission (Syrian Arab Republic);

147.20 Provide further support to the National Human Rights Commission

to enable it to fulfil its mandate in the best manner and in line with the Paris

Principles (Qatar);

147.21 Pursue the effective implementation of the Five-Year National

Development Plan (Lebanon);

147.22 Ensure security forces abide by relevant national and international

standards in countering criminal and extremist activity (Australia);

147.23 Ensure that police officers are adequately trained and instructed to

investigate reports of harassment, attacks and death threats against journalists,

media workers, human rights defenders and activists and ensure the protection

of those under threat in accordance with international human rights law

(Finland);

147.24 Focus on training the women of Bangladesh, in particular

policewomen, to increase the percentage of female blue helmets (Haiti);

147.25 Further accelerate the process of adoption of the anti-discrimination

legislation (Georgia);

147.26 Expedite the formulation of the Elimination of Discrimination Act

(Thailand);

147.27 That the anti-discrimination law be drafted to protect the rights of

marginalized communities and that it be consistent with the 2030 Agenda for

Sustainable Development (South Africa);

147.28 Advance its policy of promoting a culture of peace, supporting

collective measures against racism, xenophobia and hatred of Islam, and

protecting the victims of these crimes (Oman);

147.29 Intensify efforts to ensure gender equality in the area of education

(United Arab Emirates);

147.30 Establish a legislative framework to eliminate discrimination against

marginalized and disadvantaged children (Madagascar);

147.31 Take specific measures aimed at eliminating all forms of

discrimination and stigma in health-care settings, in particular against those

persons who are in a more vulnerable position, including in the context of

mental health and of HIV/AIDS (Portugal);

147.32 Continue to promote a culture of peace and support anti-racism

measures (Sudan);

147.33 Continue the efforts to implement the 2030 Agenda and promote

economic and social sustainable development in order to lay solid foundations

for its people to enjoy all human rights (China);

147.34 Implement the Sustainable Development Goals to ensure the

promotion and protection of human rights and achieve that goal through

continuing efforts with development partners and the international community

to accelerate the implementation of those goals (Egypt);

147.35 Continue efforts and development plans to transform Bangladesh

into a middle-income country by 2021 and into a developed country by 2041

(Syrian Arab Republic);

147.36 Continue to carry out inclusive public policies targeting vulnerable

groups in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (Senegal);

147.37 Continue its efforts in addressing the negative impacts of climate

change (Viet Nam);

147.38 Develop strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change (Gabon);

147.39 Continue efforts to combat terrorism and trafficking in persons

(Syrian Arab Republic);

147.40 Continue efforts to combat terrorism, including addressing root

causes, in full conformity with international norms (Saudi Arabia);

147.41 Continue efforts to combat violent extremism, notably through the

studies of the root causes of this phenomenon (Morocco);

147.42 Sustain efforts in combating terrorism and drug trafficking

(Nigeria);

147.43 Enhance the promotion and protection of fundamental human rights

in accordance with the level of socioeconomic development of the country in

keeping with international human rights instruments (Tajikistan);

147.44 Redouble efforts and commitments in upholding human rights and

fundamental freedoms (Nigeria);

147.45 Enact legislation clearly prohibiting corporal punishment (Zambia);

147.46 Formulate rules of procedures for the use of clause 22 of the 2017

Child Marriage Restraint Act to clarify existing gaps in order to prevent misuse

of the provision allowing marriage for children below the legal age in “special

circumstances” (Denmark);

147.47 Continue to strengthen its measures in preventing child marriages

(Viet Nam);

147.48 Amend the Child Marriage Restraint Act to maintain the legal

minimum age at 18 years (Republic of Korea);

147.49 Move towards the real and effective elimination of child marriage,

restricting to the maximum the application of exceptions (Spain);

147.50 Step up measures to combat child prostitution and early marriage

(Gabon);

147.51 Strengthen existing law and practice to guarantee effectively the

rights of children, in particular by combating violence against children, child

labour and forced marriages, and by improving access to education (Poland);

147.52 Establish a comprehensive national system for the protection of

children to prevent and respond to violence against children, prohibit corporal

punishment of children and implement awareness and education programmes

in this area (Uruguay);

147.53 Put an end to the practices of early marriage and the payment of

dowries by implementing laws prohibiting such practices (Belgium);

147.54 Promptly and thoroughly investigate all allegations of extrajudicial

execution or enforced disappearance and bring those responsible to justice

(Switzerland);

147.55 Explicitly prohibit corporal punishment of children in all settings,

including at home (Montenegro);

147.56 Consider revising the Penal Code and the Children Act in order to

prohibit corporal punishment of children in all settings and raising the

minimum legal age for marriage to 18 years under all circumstances

(Namibia);

147.57 Continue the efforts to enable tangible progress in combating

trafficking in persons (Turkmenistan);

147.58 Continue efforts to eliminate human trafficking (Islamic Republic of

Iran);

147.59 Continue paying attention to the issue of trafficking in human beings

at the national and the international level (Belarus);

147.60 Take immediate steps to implement the Human Trafficking

Deterrence and Suppression Rules under the 2012 Act, and the National Plan of

Action 2015–2017, as a means of addressing the high levels of trafficking

(Botswana);

147.61 Continue efforts to combat trafficking in humans, particularly the

exploitation of children, by stepping up measures against traffickers (Djibouti);

147.62 Enhance cooperation at all levels to address trafficking in persons, in

particular women and girls (Guyana);

147.63 Work with civil society to develop a road map to implement Human

Rights Council resolution 16/18 on combating religious intolerance (United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

147.64 Continue working on enhancing religious freedom and prevention of

extremism and violent extremism (Holy See);

147.65 Take effective measures to ensure that the press can work free from

the oppression by instances of censorship, threats, physical assaults and killings

(Slovakia);

147.66 Take prompt and effective measures to ensure that freedom of

assembly and expression extends in practice — both online and offline — to all

people, media, civil society and political parties, throughout the upcoming

election campaign and beyond (Canada);

147.67 Protect freedom of expression in media, politics and religion, and

work with civil society to address concerns regarding section 57 of the

Information and Communication Technology Act (United Kingdom of Great

Britain and Northern Ireland);

147.68 Review all existing and proposed legislation relating to freedom of

expression, both online and offline, to ensure that it fully complies with the

relevant international standards (Ireland);

147.69 Take effective measures to ensure freedom of expression and end all

assaults on journalists and human rights defenders, as well as ensure that the

proposed Digital Security Act is in line with international standards (Estonia);

147.70 Guarantee freedom of expression in the Digital Security Act

(France);

147.71 Ensure democratic space for all political actors, including the

implementation of domestic laws, without restrictions on the exercise of the

rights to freedom of expression and of peaceful assembly (Switzerland);

147.72 Continue to invest in information and communications technologies

for its large youth population, with a view to ensuring a better standard of

living (India);

147.73 Safeguard freedoms of political expression and association, without

reprisals, censorship, intimidation or restrictive legal action, and that

Bangladesh safeguard the independence of media (New Zealand);

147.74 Continue efforts to protect freedom of expression and freedom of

religion or belief for all citizens and residents, and to support civil society

participation (Poland);

147.75 Publicly commit to ensuring that journalists, bloggers, human rights

defenders and civil society organizations are able to carry out their activities

without fear of surveillance, intimidation, harassment, arrest, prosecution or

retribution (Austria);

147.76 Guarantee the security of human rights defenders (France);

147.77 Protect human rights defenders and journalists from harassment by

combating impunity and ensuring the prompt and impartial investigation of all

violations against human rights defenders (Netherlands);

147.78 Ensure that human rights defenders, journalists and civil society

have a safe and enabling environment and can operate freely without fear of

reprisals (Norway);

147.79 Ensure a free, fair and inclusive general election, with full

participation of all parties, and increase efforts to strengthen democracy

(Japan);

147.80 Ensure effective protection of the lives and security of human rights

defenders and journalists against human rights violations, including enforced

disappearance, torture and extrajudicial killings (Republic of Korea);

147.81 Continue its efforts to combat the stigmatization of people living with

HIV/AIDS (Gabon);

147.82 Continue taking further steps for the strengthening of the judicial

system (Tajikistan);

147.83 Ensure procedures of the International Crimes Tribunal meet fair

trial standards in accordance with article 14 of the International Covenant on

Civil and Political Rights (Greece);

147.84 Consider measures to accelerate trial process with a view to reducing

pending cases and the number of pretrial detainees as well as safeguarding

their basic rights (Malaysia);

147.85 Continue efforts to improve and speed up the processing of cases in

the courts (Benin);

147.86 Ensure that investigations into cases of killings, abduction attempts,

physical attacks and threats against human rights defenders are prompt,

effective and impartial (Ireland);

147.87 Strengthen the National Legal Aid Services with the necessary

financial, human and technical resources to enable effective representation of

those in need (Guyana);

147.88 Continue its policy to improve the judicial system, the law

enforcement bodies and to reduce levels of corruption and poverty (Russian

Federation);

147.89 Investigate all cases of murder and violence against journalists and

bloggers and bring the perpetrators to justice (Slovakia);

147.90 Strengthen measures for protecting the family in order to work for

the best interest of the child (Egypt);

147.91 Use effective measures to eliminate and prevent violations of

economic, social and cultural rights (Turkmenistan);

147.92 Continue to adopt positive measures to better protect the right to

education, health, employment and other rights of its people (China);

147.93 Proceed with the development of the legislative structure by

additional laws that aim at promoting and protecting human rights, especially

in the field of education and health (Syrian Arab Republic);

147.94 Enact a law on patients and health-care service providers and

mobilize the necessary means for its implementation (Algeria);

147.95 Continue efforts to improve health and education and to combat

discrimination (Libya);

147.96 Step up efforts made to improve economic and social rights, notably

through follow-up to the 2021 vision and the five-year plan (2016–2021)

(Morocco);

147.97 Continue to guarantee the right to food for marginalized groups, and

make efforts together with the international community on this (Cuba);

147.98 Continue consolidating the successful housing plans for all

(Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

147.99 Ensure the implementation of the National Social Security Strategy,

focusing specifically on delivering social security to the most vulnerable groups

(Bahrain);

147.100 Continue increasing the successful social programmes, in the fight

against poverty and social exclusion (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

147.101 Continue efforts to reduce poverty among the most vulnerable

populations (Algeria);

147.102 Continue in the programme of combating poverty through

supporting microfinance programmes (Sudan);

147.103 Establish appropriate programmes to guarantee to Bangladeshis

living in poverty access to economic growth in the country in a tangible and

practical way (Haiti);

147.104 Step up efforts to implement poverty reduction measures

(Philippines);

147.105 Step up its efforts to eliminate poverty and improve living standards

(Qatar);

147.106 Continue to implement its strategies and plans and work to adopt a

plan to ensure access to drinking water and sanitation services for poor

neighbourhoods and rural areas (State of Palestine);

147.107 Continue promoting access to drinking water and sanitation,

especially in rural areas (Plurinational State of Bolivia);

147.108 Promote greater access to safe and drinkable water and sanitation,

especially in rural areas (Holy See);

147.109 Amend the Bangladesh Labour Act and Export Processing Zone

Labour Act, in consultation with workers and employers, to ensure the

provisions on freedom of association conform to international labour standards

(United States of America);

147.110 Adopt further measures to guarantee workers’ rights, also in line

with the “Sustainability Compact” (Italy);

147.111 Continue efforts to strengthen labour inspection authorities to

conduct assessments of the safety of workplaces (Jordan);

147.112 Take the necessary steps to hold companies accountable for practices

with a negative impact on workers’ health, well-being and safety (Ecuador);

147.113 Improve the working conditions of women by monitoring and

punishing lawbreakers among employers (State of Palestine);

147.114 Take effective measures to protect workers’ rights, including by

reducing the existing gender wage gap and improving working conditions

(Botswana);

147.115 Continue to implement national measures to address the wage gap

between the two sexes (State of Palestine);

147.116 Reduce the wage gap between the two sexes and ensure women’s

access to the labour market (Iraq);

147.117 Continue efforts to significantly strengthen measures combating

unsafe and unhealthy working conditions, in accordance with the International

Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and relevant ILO

conventions (New Zealand);

147.118 Strengthen existing follow-up mechanisms for the protection of

women workers against all forms of exploitation, particularly those working in

the informal sectors, and require businesses to answer for practices that are

harmful to the health, well-being and safety of women workers (Côte d’Ivoire);

147.119 Strengthen efforts to protect female workers from exploitation

(Guyana);

147.120 Strengthen existing monitoring mechanisms to protect female

workers from all forms of exploitation, particularly those working in the

informal sector (Ghana);

147.121 Strengthen the existing national monitoring mechanisms aimed at

protection of women workers from all kinds of discrimination, in particular

those working in informal sector (Serbia);

147.122 Make further effort to improve health infrastructures particularly in

rural areas and intensify training programmes for health professionals

(Democratic People’s Republic of Korea);

147.123 Increase access to basic health care, particularly in rural areas, with

the aim of reducing and preventing maternal, fetal and infant mortality (Holy

See);

147.124 Continue promoting access to health services, facilitating greater

access to mental health, maternal health and neonatal health care

(Plurinational State of Bolivia);

147.125 Treat the right to education similarly to other rights in the

Constitution (Guyana);

147.126 Strengthen national measures and international cooperation to

achieve the goal of education for all (Belarus);

147.127 Continue measures to broaden the educational system, including the

enshrining of the right to free and compulsory education (Peru);

147.128 Continue to invest in quality education for creating a knowledge-

based society to ensure equality, justice and peace (Turkey);

147.129 Extend compulsory primary school and make efforts to increase the

school participation rate of the marginalized groups (Slovakia);

147.130 Continue efforts to improve the quality of education in public schools,

towards the realization of the right to development (Bolivarian Republic of

Venezuela);

147.131 Ensure a continued focus on girls’ education throughout the country

especially for poor and marginalized children and youth and ensure that they

all complete their education (Afghanistan);

147.132 Invest in quality education, and make use of information and

communication technology to create employment opportunities for its youth

population (Azerbaijan);

147.133 Continue its efforts at increasing the number of children, particularly

girls, enrolled in free and compulsory primary education, and hopes that free

and compulsory education is extended to all secondary school-age children

irrespective of gender or ethnicity (Barbados);

147.134 Continue its efforts to ensure full enrolment of children, particularly

girls, in schools and to provide quality education (Democratic People’s

Republic of Korea);

147.135 Intensify efforts to improve the education system and ensure equal

access to quality education for all, particularly for women and girls (Djibouti);

147.136 Implement policies to increase the enrolment ratio of girls in primary

and secondary schools to give them a good start in life (Singapore);

147.137 Further enhance its efforts to achieve higher enrolment ratios of girls

in primary and secondary schools (Thailand);

147.138 Continue efforts to develop practical measures to implement the

Informal Education Act of 2014 (Tunisia);

147.139 Take additional measures, in consultation with civil society, to

strengthen progressive social reforms, in particular to empower women and

girls, and to combat religious extremism (Haiti);

147.140 Continue assistance and promotion on women’s empowerment in all

sectors (Lao People’s Democratic Republic);

147.141 Continue to prevent violence against women, in accordance with the

National Action Plan (2013–2025), with regular monitoring (Sri Lanka);

147.142 Combat violence against women and children and take action for

their rights (France);

147.143 Continue efforts to combat discrimination and violence against

women (Tunisia);

147.144 Intensify its efforts towards combating violence against women

(Georgia);

147.145 Strengthen existing monitoring mechanisms to protect women and

children from all forms of violence and exploitation (Nepal);

147.146 Continue to tackle sexual violence against women to ensure

protection of women’s rights (Lao People’s Democratic Republic);

147.147 Take concrete measures to prevent and to protect women from

domestic violence, ensure effective access to legal recourse and hold

perpetrators to account (Norway);

147.148 Ensure sufficient resources are allocated to fully implement all major

components of the National Action Plan to Prevent Violence against Women

and Children (Singapore);

147.149 Ensure the registration of children in order to protect them from

abuses, exploitation, abandonment and human rights violations (Holy See);

147.150 Take strong measures to eradicate child labour, and violence and

crimes against children (Chile);

147.151 Adopt legislation and comprehensive public policies to guarantee the

human rights of persons in a situation of human mobility, with a gender,

intergenerational and intercultural focus (Ecuador);

147.152 Continue to advance the rights of persons with disabilities, including

by ensuring that public places are friendly to persons with disabilities (Islamic

Republic of Iran);

147.153 Facilitate the access to education, health care and public services for

persons with disabilities (Lao People’s Democratic Republic);

147.154 Consider the possibility of developing a national plan or national

framework for protecting the rights of persons with special needs (Lebanon);

147.155 Continue implementing the legal, policy and administrative measures

to protect the rights of ethnic minorities (South Africa);

147.156 Ensure the effective investigation and sanctioning of all cases of

violence against religious minorities (Austria);

147.157 Guarantee the protection and rights of persons belonging to

minorities (France);

147.158 Continue its proactive role in dealing with international migrations

(Indonesia);

147.159 Enhance intergovernmental dialogue and cooperation to protect and

promote the rights of migrant workers (Nepal);

147.160 Strengthen measures to protect migrant workers (Peru);

147.161 Continue efforts to enhance the transparency and efficiency of the

recruitment system of migrant workers from Bangladesh (Philippines);

147.162 Work closely with bilateral and regional partners in lowering the cost

of migration for migrant workers from Bangladesh (Philippines);

147.163 Improve the conditions of migrant workers, in accordance with

international conventions and treaties (Iraq);

147.164 Continue efforts to host the forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals

until they voluntarily return to their homeland in safety, security and dignity

(Yemen);

147.165 Continue to pursue strong efforts bilaterally as well as internationally

and with help and assistance from the international community, for the

sustainable resolution of the Rohingya crisis (Azerbaijan);

147.166 Continue to work with international partners and Myanmar to find a

sustainable solution that enables those displaced to return home voluntarily,

safely and with dignity (New Zealand);

147.167 Continue to hold constructive dialogue with Myanmar and make

efforts to implement the bilateral agreement, aiming at steady and rapid

repatriation of refugees (Japan).

148. The following recommendations will be examined by Bangladesh, which will

provide responses in due time, but no later than the thirty-ninth session of the Human

Rights Council:

148.1 Ratify the main international human rights instruments (Zambia);

148.2 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the

Child on a communications procedure (Madagascar);

148.3 Enforce constitutional provisions safeguarding freedom of

expression, including by amending section 57 of the Information and

Communication Technology Act and relevant provisions of the draft Digital

Security Act (Australia);

148.4 Ensure legal and constitutional protection of indigenous and religious

minorities, and facilitate the reporting of violations of their rights (Estonia);

148.5 Fully comply with the Paris Principles and increase the institutional

capacity and financial and human resources of the National Human Rights

Commission (Chile);

148.6 Continue its efforts in strengthening the capacity of its national

human rights institution, namely the National Human Rights Commission of

Bangladesh, and of the newly established Ombudsman (Indonesia);

148.7 Amend the Marriage Act and maintain a minimum legal age of

marriage at 18 without exceptions (Zambia);

148.8 Eliminate child, early and forced marriage, including by reforming

the Child Marriage Restraint Act to remove the exception for child marriage in

“special cases”, as this term is open to abuse (Canada);

148.9 Eliminate early marriages and ensure education on sexual and

reproductive health and rights for adolescents (Estonia);

148.10 Step up the efforts to prevent child, early and forced marriages,

particularly in rural areas and slums, and to amend the Child Marriage

Restraint Act by introducing a minimum legal age of marriage of 18 without

any exceptions (Slovenia);

148.11 Take action against child, early and forced marriages with or

between children by reformulating the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 2017 to

clarify the gaps in the legislation and to prevent misuse of the “special

circumstances” clause (Sweden);

148.12 Enhance efforts to prevent cases of torture and enforced

disappearance and to prosecute perpetrators (Italy);

148.13 Review and amend the laws that restrict freedom of expression, such

as section 57 of the 2006 Information and Communication Technology Act

(Mexico);

148.14 Review and redraft the proposed Digital Security Act to ensure

online freedom of expression (Norway);

148.15 Redraft the Digital Security Act in line with international norms and

standards for freedom of expression (Sweden);

148.16 Thoroughly investigate extrajudicial killings, abductions and forced

disappearances taking place within law enforcement agencies, while also

ensuring that the perpetrators are brought to justice (Sweden);

148.17 Investigate all allegations of human rights violations by the police and

security forces and take legal steps so that those responsible for enforced

disappearances, custodial torture and extrajudicial killings are held

accountable (Norway);

148.18 Increase labour inspections and take action against individuals and

organizations that subject migrant workers to forced labour and human

trafficking (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

148.19 Continue increasing efforts to combat all types of violence against

women and girls, and eradicate discriminatory practices and measures against

them, guaranteeing the full exercise of their rights, including those related to

sexual and reproductive health (Uruguay);

148.20 Combat gender stereotypes and protect women from all forms of

abuse and harm, including gender-based violence and marital rape, and

address the persistent gender wage gap, among others (Namibia);

148.21 Raise the minimum age for criminal responsibility for juvenile

offenders in line with recommendations by the Committee on the Rights of the

Child (Austria);

148.22 Continue improving Rohingya refugees’ conditions and investigating

allegations of abuses and human rights violations against them in accordance

with international standards (Holy See);

148.23 Step up efforts to guarantee the rights of refugees, with full respect of

the principle of non-refoulement (Mexico);

148.24 Strengthen those measures that have been taken to ensure that all

children and young persons among the refugees have effective access to the

right to education, and guarantee the registration of all refugee children born

in Bangladesh regardless of race, religion, national origin or the citizenship of

their parents, particularly children of Bangladeshi and Rohingya couples

(Argentina).

149. The recommendations formulated during the interactive dialogue/listed below

did not enjoy the support of Bangladesh and would thus be noted:

149.1 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Spain);

149.2 Accede to the First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant

on Civil and Political Rights (Iceland);

149.3 Consider ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International

Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death

penalty (Uruguay);

149.4 Ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on

Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty

(Montenegro) (Iceland) (Togo) (Spain);

149.5 Ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons

from Enforced Disappearance (Japan) (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Iraq)

(Senegal) (Togo) (Ukraine); / Consider ratifying the International Convention

for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (Peru);

149.6 Ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons

from Enforced Disappearance without reservations before the next universal

periodic review (Greece);

149.7 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and

Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Bosnia and

Herzegovina) (Ukraine);

149.8 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and

Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Denmark);

149.9 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and

Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Poland);

149.10 Consider ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention against

Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment at

the earliest convenience (Ghana);

149.11 Take steps to accede to the Optional Protocol to the Convention

against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or

Punishment (Sri Lanka);

149.12 Ratify the ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138), the

Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), and the Domestic

Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) for the protection of the rights of all

migrant workers and the members of their families (Madagascar);

149.13 Ratify the ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) and

Occupational Cancer Convention, 1974 (No. 139) for the elimination of child

labour (Spain);

149.14 Accede to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the

Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees in order to better assist and protect

these persons in distress (Côte d’Ivoire);

149.15 Consider becoming a party to the Convention relating to the Status of

Refugees, of 1951 (Georgia);

149.16 Become a party to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees,

of 1951 (New Zealand);

149.17 Ratify the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, of 1951, and

ensure the short- and long-term conditions for the dignified, safe and voluntary

return of displaced persons to their place of origin (Switzerland);

149.18 Remove the reservations to article 2 and article 16 (1) (c) of the

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

(Latvia);

149.19 Issue and implement a standing invitation to all special procedures

(Czechia);

149.20 Respond positively to pending visit requests by special procedure

mandate holders of the Human Rights Council and consider extending a

standing invitation to all mandate holders (Latvia);

149.21 Enhance its fight against impunity and torture including by ratifying

the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,

Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and establishing a national

preventive mechanism accordingly (Czechia);

149.22 Provide human, technical and financial resources to the National

Human Rights Commission so it can fulfil its mandate and grant it a new

mandate to investigate human rights violations (Honduras);

149.23 Expand the mandate of the National Human Rights Commission to

investigate all human rights violations, including those involving State security

actors, and provide it with adequate resources, in order to fulfil its mandate

(Namibia);

149.24 Adopt, without delay, new non-discrimination legislation with a view

to promoting gender equality, and, without discrimination on the basis of

ethnicity, religion or any other status, criminalize all forms of violence against

women and girls, including marital rape, irrespective of the age of the victim,

domestic violence and all forms of sexual abuse and harassment, ensuring also

security and justice to the victims (Finland);

149.25 Take measures to fight violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender and intersex persons (Brazil);

149.26 Take effective steps to include lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and

intersex persons in human rights legislation, recognizing the many dangers and

challenges faced by the community, including the hijra (Canada);

149.27 Establish effective protection against discrimination, harassment and

violence against sexual minorities (Norway);

149.28 Acknowledge the existence of sexual and gender minorities in the

country, and furthermore abolish section 377 of the Criminal Code and thus

decriminalize consensual sexual acts between same-sex couples (Slovenia);

149.29 Repeal section 377 of the Criminal Code and include sexual

orientation and gender identity as a protected category in the new anti-

discrimination law (Chile);

149.30 Protect and promote the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender

and intersex persons through a broad legal framework, that includes the

revision of laws that may be discriminatory, such as section 377 of the Penal

Code (Mexico);

149.31 Take the necessary measures to repeal in its legislation the

criminalization of consensual sexual acts between people of the same sex

(Argentina);

149.32 Decriminalize in the Criminal Code relations between same-sex

adults (Honduras);

149.33 Ensure that threats and violence against human rights defenders, and

in particular women defenders and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or

intersex defenders, because of their work or perceived or actual gender

identity, are effectively prosecuted and do not go unpunished (Belgium);

149.34 Review the special provision of the Child Marriage Restrain Act 2017

and implement legislation that effectively criminalizes all forms of gender-

based violence (Germany);

149.35 Criminalize marital rape in all circumstances, and provide for the

protection and psychological, mental and physical rehabilitation of victims

(Portugal);

149.36 Abolition of the death penalty (Benin) (Portugal) (Czechia);

149.37 Adopt the legislation abolishing the death penalty and establish a

moratorium on all pending executions (Slovakia);

149.38 Reduce the number of crimes to which the death penalty applies, as a

step towards eventual abolition of the death penalty (Australia);

149.39 Enact a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, with a view to

abolishing it (Holy See);

149.40 Introduce a moratorium as a first step towards final abolition of the

death penalty (Austria);

149.41 Establish a moratorium on executions as a first step towards the

abolition of the death penalty (Belgium);

149.42 Establish a moratorium on the death penalty, as a first step towards

complete abolition of this practice (Italy); / Take steps towards the full abolition

of the death penalty (New Zealand); / Consider the imposition of a moratorium

on the death penalty (Poland);

149.43 Establish a moratorium on the death penalty with a view to its

abolition (Chile);

149.44 Continue the process of edging out the death penalty with a view to

totally abolishing it (Namibia);

149.45 Decriminalize defamation and include it in the Civil Code in

accordance with international standards, and take steps to create an

independent broadcast licensing authority (Estonia);

149.46 Revise media laws, in consultation with civil society, to decriminalize

“defamation” and “hurting religious sentiment”, and limit proposed extended

jail terms for these offences (United States of America);

149.47 Expand its democratic space online and offline in which opposition

politicians, journalists, human rights defenders and other civil society members

can operate freely and without fear for their lives, and to this end revise section

57 of the Information and Communication Technology Act and amend the

Foreign Donation Regulations Act (Czechia);

149.48 Ensure that human rights activists and journalists can exercise their

rights without fear, intimidation and harassment by redrafting the planned

Digital Security Act, and repealing or amending all laws that violate the rights

to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly, including the

provisions of the Penal Code related to defamation and sedition, the

Information and Communication Technology Act (in particular section 57),

and the Foreign Donations (Voluntary Activities) Regulation Act, in line with

international human rights law (Germany);

149.49 Repeal the Information and Communication Technology Act (2006),

as amended in 2013, or modify the Information and Communication

Technology Act to bring it in line with international law and standards

(Greece);

149.50 Repeal all laws and policies that restrict the activities and rights of its

citizens and civil society organizations, including the Information and

Communication Technology Act of 2006 and the Foreign Donations Regulation

Act of 2016 (Netherlands);

149.51 Ensure that all refugee and stateless women and girls have effective

access to justice without being threatened with arrest, by amending the 1946

Foreigners Act (Iceland);

149.52 Strengthen measures to prevent, investigate, and hold security forces

accountable for human rights violations and abuses, including providing an

update on investigations into the alleged disappearances of Mir Ahmed Bin

Quasem and Amaan Azmi (United States of America);

149.53 End impunity by conducting thorough investigations and criminal

prosecutions of human rights violations and abuses against human rights

defenders, journalists, bloggers, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and

intersex persons (Germany);

149.54 Adopt legislative and political measures to ensure that women and

young people have access to sex education and free use of friendly reproductive

health services, particularly in rural areas and for persons on low incomes

(Honduras);

149.55 Take further steps to fight all forms of violence and discrimination, in

particular against women, children, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and

intersex persons (Italy);

149.56 Adopt legislation criminalizing all forms of violence against women

and girls, including marital rape (Iceland);

149.57 Comprehensively review the legislation in order to recognize gender

equality and the protection of indigenous people and ethnic minorities

(Honduras);

149.58 Strengthen policies and measures to protect indigenous peoples

(Islamic Republic of Iran);

149.59 Step up efforts in order for indigenous peoples, especially the Jumma

and the Dalit, to fully enjoy their human rights (Peru);

149.60 Ensure access to justice to refugees and stateless individuals, in

particular women and girls, including those belonging to ethnic minorities

(Brazil).

150. All conclusions and/or recommendations contained in the present report reflect

the position of the submitting State(s) and/or the State under review. They should not

be construed as endorsed by the Working Group as a whole.

Annex

Composition of the delegation

The delegation of Bangladesh was headed by Hon’ble Law Minister, Ministry of

Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, H.E. Mr. Anisul Huq, MP and composed of the

following members:

• H.E. Mr. Md. Shahriar Alam, MP. Hon’ble State Minister for Foreign Affairs;

Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. Mohammad Shahidul Haque, Senior Secretary, Legislative and Parliamentary

Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs;

• H.E. Mr. Md. Shahidul Haque, Foreign Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• H.E. Mr. M. Shameem Ahsan, Ambassador & Permanent Representative, Permanent

Mission of Bangladesh to the UN Office and other International Organizations,

Geneva;

• Dr. Md. Shamsul Arefin, Secretary, Anti-Corruption Commission;

• Mr. Khondaker Mostan Hossain, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Chittagong Hill

Tracts Affairs;

• Ms. Nasreen Afroz, Director General (Joint Secretary), Prime Minister’s Office;

• Mr. Md. Mizan-Ul-Alam, Joint Secretary (Press), Ministry of Information;

• Mr. Md. Abdul Karim, ndc, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Women and Children

Affairs;

• Mr. Mostofa Faruque, Director General, Bangladesh Election Commission;

• Ms. Sadia Faizunnesa, Director General (United Nations), Ministry of Foreign

Affairs;

• Mr. Md. Fakhrul Ahsan, Armed Forces Division;

• Mr. Md. Rezaul Karim, Additional Deputy Inspector General, Special Crime

Management, Police HQ, Bangladesh Police;

• Representative; Public Security Division, Ministry of Home Affairs;

• Representative, Ministry of Primary and Mass Education;

• Mr. Toufiq Islam Shatil, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Bangladesh to the UN

Office and other, International Organizations, Geneva;

• Ms. Farzana Mamtaz, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Social Welfare;

• Mr. Md. Waliur Rahman, Director (State Minister’s Office) Ministry of Foreign

Affairs;

• Mr. Md. Emdadul Islam Chowdhury, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Bangladesh

to the UN Office and other International Organizations, Geneva;

• Ms. Mosammat Shahanara Monica, Director (United Nations), Ministry of Foreign

Affairs;

• Mr. Md. Masum, Private Secretary to Law Minister, Ministry of Law, Justice and

Parliamentary Affairs;

• Mr. Md. Robiul Islam, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Bangladesh to the UN

Office and other, International Organizations, Geneva;

• Ms. Tahleel Dilawar Moon, Senior Assistant Secretary (United Nations), Ministry of

Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. Md. Abdul Wadud Akanda, First Secretary, Permanent Mission of Bangladesh

to the UN Office and other, International Organizations, Geneva;

• Advocate Rana Das Gupta, General Secretary, Bangladesh Hindu Bouddha Christian

Oikya Parishad;

• Advocate Kawser Ahmed, Consultant;

• Barrister Shah Ali Farhad, Senior Analyst, Centre for Research and Information;

• Mr. Md. Showeb Abdullah, Assistant Secretary (United Nations), Ministry of

Foreign Affairs.