40/6 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - China

GE.18-22685(E)



Human Rights Council Fortieth session

25 February–22 March 2019

Agenda item 6

Universal periodic review

Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review*

China

* The annex is being circulated without formal editing, in the language of submission only.

United Nations A/HRC/40/6

Introduction

1. The Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, established in accordance

with Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, held its thirty-first session from 5 to 16

November 2018. The review of China was held at the 3rd meeting, on 6 November 2018.

The delegation of China was headed by the Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, Le Yucheng.

At its 10th meeting, held on 9 November 2018, the Working Group adopted the report on

China.

2. On 10 January 2018, the Human Rights Council selected the following group of

rapporteurs (troika) to facilitate the review of China: Hungary, Kenya and Saudi Arabia.

3. In accordance with paragraph 15 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution

5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21, the following documents

were issued for the review of China:

(a) A national report submitted/written presentation made in accordance with

paragraph 15 (a) (A/HRC/WG.6/31/CHN/1);

(b) A compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in accordance with paragraph 15 (b)

(A/HRC/WG.6/31/CHN/2);

(c) A summary prepared by OHCHR in accordance with paragraph 15 (c)

(A/HRC/WG.6/31/CHN/3 and Corr.1).

4. A list of questions prepared in advance by Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belarus,

Belgium, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Cuba, Egypt, Estonia,

Germany, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, the Netherlands,

Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Portugal, on behalf of the Group of Friends on national

implementation, reporting and follow-up, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia,

South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom

of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela

(Bolivarian Republic of) and Viet Nam was transmitted to China through the troika. These

questions are available on the website of the universal periodic review.

I. Summary of the proceedings of the review process

A. Presentation by the State under review

5. China indicated that it attached great importance to the universal periodic review. It

would seek cooperation, taking an open, inclusive, candid and cooperative approach to the

interactive dialogue.

6. Four decades of reform and opening up had brought about remarkable progress in

the country’s human rights development.

7. China has committed to building and improving its legal, policy and administrative

systems for the promotion and protection of human rights. A vision, practice and

development path of human rights with Chinese characteristics had been pursued, taking

the country’s national conditions as the foundation, the people as the centre, development

as the priority, the rule of law as the criterion and openness as the driving force.

8. Over the past five years, more than 1,500 reform measures had been rolled out, 32

new laws had been promulgated, including the General Rules on the Civil Law, and the

third National Human Rights Action Plan had been issued. Those efforts had provided a

strong institutional underpinning for the promotion and protection of human rights.

9. Nearly 1.4 billion people had been lifted out of poverty and were able to lead a

moderately prosperous life. The largest education, social security and health-care systems

in the world had been established. Ecological conservation was being vigorously promoted.

All of that would better enable China to meet people’s growing needs for a better life.

10. Over 700 million Chinese people – 70 per cent of the total – had worked their way

out of poverty. Decisive progress had been made in targeted poverty reduction and

alleviation efforts.

11. China was committed to developing socialist democracy, to strengthening

institutional guarantees to ensure that the people ran the country and to consolidating and

developing the system of people’s congresses. Its broad-based system of democracy

safeguarded the fundamental interests of the Chinese people practically and effectively.

12. Continued efforts had been made to strengthen judicial safeguards for human rights.

The Opinions on Advancing the Reform of the Trial-Centred Criminal Procedure System

had been adopted, and the world’s largest website of court documents had been created,

with 19.5 billion visits made.

13. Citizens’ freedoms of speech and of religious belief were protected in accordance

with the law. The rights of women, children, the elderly and persons with disabilities were

promoted and protected in a comprehensive way, and the rights of ethnic minorities were

safeguarded in accordance with the law.

14. China had actively participated in global human rights governance, and vigorous

efforts had been made to implement the international human rights instruments to which it

was a party. It had hosted many visits by human rights experts. In the past five years, it had

held more than 50 human rights dialogues with over 20 countries and organizations.

15. Many difficulties and challenges in protecting human rights remained, but absolute

poverty would be eliminated and a moderately prosperous society in all respects would be

built by 2020. Socialist modernization would essentially be realized by 2035, and the goal

of building a great modern socialist country that was prosperous, strong, democratic,

culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful would be achieved by 2050.

16. Thirty new measures for the protection of human rights would be adopted by the

Government. They would include an amendment to the Criminal Law and the revision of

the Criminal Procedure Law. Litigation procedure for criminal cases would be improved.

Laws on legal assistance and the protection of personal information would be formulated.

Relevant sections would be drawn up for a civil code.

17. China would actively participate in international cooperation in human rights, with

continuing support for the work of the United Nations human rights mechanisms. In the

next five years, it would contribute US$ 800,000 annually to the OHCHR. The United

Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Chair of the Working Group on the

Right to Development, the Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by

older persons and the Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities had been

invited to visit China at mutually convenient times.

18. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region had been implementing “one country,

two systems” and “Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong” under a high degree of

autonomy. The rule of law, executive, legislative and independent judicial power, the

power of final adjudication, human rights and freedom were all fully guaranteed by the

Basic Law. Hong Kong, China, had been acclaimed as the world’s most open and freest

economy by many international institutions, such as the Heritage Foundation of the United

States and the Canadian Fraser Institute. Hong Kong, China, was one of the safest cities in

the world. With a view to building a caring, equitable, inclusive and people-oriented

society, the Government of Hong Kong, China, had been taking active steps to improve

people’s livelihood.

19. Macao Special Administrative Region had enacted laws on preventing and

combating domestic violence, on fiscal benefits for hiring persons with disabilities, on the

rights and interests of the elderly and on tertiary education, and had revised the Criminal

Code. It had established the labour creditor’s rights protection system and had introduced

the 10-year non-tertiary education development plan and the 10-year plan for rehabilitation

services. It had been conducting various promotional activities to raise public awareness on

human rights.

B. Interactive dialogue and responses by the State under review

20. During the interactive dialogue, 150 delegations made statements.

Recommendations made during the dialogue are to be found in section II of the present

report.

21. Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia,

Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan,

Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burundi,

Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, the Central African Republic, Chile,

Colombia, Iraq, the Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, the

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark,

Djibouti, Honduras, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia,

Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guyana,

Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of

Iran, the Comoros, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, the Lao

People’s Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Liechtenstein,

Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco,

Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Niger,

Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, the

Republic of Korea, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saudi

Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa,

Spain, Sri Lanka, the State of Palestine, the Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, the Syrian Arab

Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan,

Uganda, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United Republic of

Tanzania, the United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Angola, Maldives, Mali and Venezuela

(Bolivarian Republic of) made recommendations. Albania, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau,

Kazakhstan, Mauritania, South Sudan, Timor-Leste and Turkey made statements. The

complete version of the statements can be found in the webcast archived on the United

Nations website.1

22. In response to the questions raised during the interactive dialogue, China shared its

experience in promoting human rights in the process of development and poverty

alleviation, which included always giving top priority to development and promoting and

protecting human rights in the process of development, prioritizing issues concerning the

fundamental interests of the people and safeguarding social fairness and justice,

formulating national plans and establishing coordination mechanisms to promote the

integrated progress of various endeavours and fostering a peaceful and stable environment

conducive to development while following a development path suited to its national

conditions.

23. China highlighted that it was the world’s largest information producer and home to

the most dynamic and enriched discourse anywhere in the world, and that its people

enjoyed substantial freedom of speech. Meanwhile, lines had been drawn for the exercise of

freedom of speech, namely that freedom of speech should not go against the law or

undermine others’ rights. Everyone was equal before the law and lawbreakers must be

brought to justice, which was consistent with human conscience and the spirit of justice

and, more importantly, reflected the principle of the rule of law.

24. China took a leading role in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable

Development and would accomplish its poverty alleviation goals 10 years before schedule.

It remained committed to strengthening South-South cooperation and had established the

China-United Nations Peace and Development Fund and a South-South Cooperation Fund.

In addition, it had taken active measures to address climate change and had registered

notable progress in that area. China had been implementing the Paris Agreement in

accordance with the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective

capabilities.

1 Available at http://webtv.un.org/search/china-review-31st-session-of-universal-periodic-

review/5858293845001/?term=&lan=english&cat=UPR%2031st&sort=date&page=3.

25. China elaborated on the protection of human rights and freedoms, including the

freedom of the press in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and on the prevention of

drug abuse in Macao Special Administrative Region.

26. China stated that the Xinjiang vocational skills education and training institutions,

which had been established for counter-terrorism purposes in the Xinjiang Autonomous

Region, were focused on the study of legal knowledge, vocational and language skills and

on deradicalization, and that they were employment oriented. Through such education,

those institutions helped the few people who had been exposed to and affected by

extremism to shake off terrorist and extremist thoughts. Instead of cracking down upon

those people after they became terrorists and a danger to others and to society, the

institutions helped them reintegrate into society, rather than becoming hard-core terrorists

or victims of terrorism. As part of the preventive antiterrorism measures, such institutions

had been established in accordance with the law and had produced the expected results.

They represented the efforts of Xinjiang to explore an effective counter-terrorism approach

and another important contribution by China to the international counter-terrorism

endeavour.

27. In concluding, China recognized that the vast majority of countries had made

positive comments about and voiced their support for China during the interactive dialogue.

China would study the recommendations received and present its response in a timely

manner. At the same time, China resolutely opposed and would never accept the practice of

using human rights as an excuse to interfere in its internal affairs and undermine its

sovereignty and territorial integrity. China would stay firmly committed to the path of

development suited to its national conditions.

II. Conclusions and/or recommendations

28. The following recommendations will be examined by China, which will provide

responses in due time, but no later than the fortieth session of the Human Rights

Council:

28.1 Strengthen its cooperation and continue the process of ratifying the

appropriate international instruments (Senegal);

28.2 Adhere to all human rights instruments to which it is not yet a party, in

particular the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil

and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and accede to

the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,

Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the International

Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and

Members of Their Families (Honduras);

28.3 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Optional Protocol to the

Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure

(Portugal);

28.4 Continue working towards ratification of the International Covenant

on Civil and Political Rights by the earliest possible date (New Zealand);

Accelerate the ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights (Uruguay) (Mali);

28.5 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Costa

Rica) (El Salvador) (Iceland) (Kenya) (Liechtenstein) (Mexico) (Montenegro)

(Poland) (Portugal) (Ukraine) (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland);

28.6 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and

implement these obligations across China (Canada); Ratify and implement the

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and ensure that its

protections are extended to all minorities (Hungary); Ratify and implement the

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Luxembourg); Continue

its efforts to improve human rights institutions, and in particular to ratify the

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Republic of Korea);

Ratify early the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Japan);

28.7 Ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons

from Enforced Disappearance (Ukraine); Ratify early the International

Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

(Japan);

28.8 Sign the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons

from Enforced Disappearance (France);

28.9 Continue its actions and initiatives aiming at the ratification of the

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Benin); Take meaningful

steps towards ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights (Estonia); Further advance the preparation for the ratification of the

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Georgia); As previously

recommended, continue national reforms with an aim to ratify the

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Latvia); Continue taking

steps towards an early ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and

Political Rights (Malta); Continue taking steps in preparation for the

ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

(Namibia);

28.10 Before the next universal periodic review cycle, set a clear timeline for

ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

(Czechia);

28.11 Accede to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant

on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty

(Colombia); Ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant

on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (Costa

Rica); Take meaningful steps towards ratification of the Second Optional

Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Estonia);

28.12 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of

All Forms of Discrimination against Women (Liechtenstein);

28.13 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and

Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Denmark)

(Estonia);

28.14 Consider ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of

the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and

establishing a national human rights institution in accordance with the

principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and

protection of human rights (the Paris Principles) (Niger); Consider becoming a

party to the International Convention on the Rights of All Migrant Workers

and Members of Their Families (Philippines); Encourage China to consider

ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All

Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, including for the Hong

Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions (Indonesia);

28.15 Accede to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights

of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Sri Lanka); Sign and

ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All

Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (El Salvador) (Kyrgyzstan);

28.16 Implement the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

(Madagascar);

28.17 As previously recommended, explore options to accede to the Rome

Statute of the International Criminal Court (Latvia);

28.18 Ratify the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the

Kampala amendments to the Statute (Liechtenstein); Sign and ratify the Rome

Statute of the International Criminal Court and the Agreement on the

Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court (Estonia);

28.19 Ratify the International Labour Organization (ILO) Forced Labour

Convention, 1930 (No. 29) and its 20l4 Protocol (United Kingdom of Great

Britain and Northern Ireland);

28.20 Ratify the Convention against Discrimination in Education and

continue its efforts to ensure access to quality education for disadvantaged

children in poor and remote areas (Afghanistan);

28.21 Implement the recommendations in the latest concluding observations

on China from the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination,2

including by responding to concerns about the detention of individuals who

have not been lawfully charged, tried and convicted of a criminal offence (New

Zealand);

28.22 Implement the recommendations of the Committee on the Elimination

of Racial Discrimination on Xinjiang and allow the United Nations unrestricted

access to monitor the implementation (United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland);

28.23 Implement all of the recommendations of the Committee on the

Elimination of Racial Discrimination of August 2018 regarding Xinjiang,

particularly on putting an end to mass internments in camps, and invite the

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and special

procedure experts (France);

28.24 Respond positively to the invitation addressed to it by the Special

Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief (Poland);

28.25 Strengthen cooperation with the Human Rights Council special

procedures, including by receiving the visits requested so far (Ukraine);

28.26 Cooperate with and allow unimpeded access to international monitors,

such as the relevant special procedures, to investigate alleged related rights

violations (Croatia);

28.27 Facilitate full access to Xinjiang and Tibet for all relevant United

Nations special procedures (Denmark);

28.28 Allow independent observers, including special procedures,

unhindered access to all regions (Germany); Allow independent observers

unfettered access to all parts of China’s territory (Hungary);

28.29 As previously recommended, respond positively to pending visit

requests by the special procedure mandate holders of the Human Rights

Council and consider the extension of a standing invitation to all special

procedure mandate holders (Latvia);

28.30 Continue to implement universal periodic review recommendations

through national legislation, administrative regulations and planning in various

areas of economic and social development (Bahrain);

28.31 Consider the results of this universal periodic review cycle as it did the

recommendations emanating from the last universal periodic review cycle

(Guyana);

28.32 Ensure full transparency on the situation for religious minorities in

Xinjiang, including by allowing United Nations-mandated observers

unrestricted access to places of internment in the region (Norway);

2 CERD/C/CHN/CO/14-17.

28.33 Continue to promote discussions in the Human Rights Council on the

role of development in promoting and protecting human rights (Pakistan);

28.34 Grant the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and

the special procedures access to all regions of China (Austria);

28.35 Close all “re-education centres” in Uighur areas and facilitate the visits

by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the special

procedures in Xinjiang (Switzerland);

28.36 Continue to forge a new type of international relations featuring

mutual respect, fairness, justice and win-win cooperation, and build a

community with a shared future for human beings (Bolivarian Republic of

Venezuela);

28.37 Continue to promote constructive dialogue and mutually beneficial

cooperation within the framework of multilateral human rights mechanisms

(Cuba);

28.38 Continue to promote respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity in

the work of multilateral human rights mechanisms (Cuba);

28.39 Continue to combat politicization and double standards in the field of

human rights (Cuba);

28.40 Grant access to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner

for Human Rights to all regions of the country including the Xinjiang Uighur

Autonomous Region (Ireland);

28.41 Strengthen cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights and the special procedures (Luxembourg);

28.42 Cooperate with and provide access to relevant United Nations bodies to

help ensure that its policies in Xinjiang, particularly regarding the so-called

“vocational education and training centres”, are in line with international

human rights standards (Netherlands);

28.43 Continue to share its experiences in the realization of the right to

development with African countries in the context of the Forum on China-

Africa Cooperation (Nigeria);

28.44 Continue to expand the scale of human rights technical cooperation to

other developing countries within the framework of South-South cooperation

(Pakistan);

28.45 Continue to promote the Belt and Road Initiative to help other

developing countries in their development endeavours (Pakistan);

28.46 Continue its efforts in providing technical assistance in the field of

human rights to interested States (Russian Federation);

28.47 Further enhance international cooperation in the field of human rights

and the Sustainable Development Goals, including through technical

cooperation and capacity-building and South-South cooperation (Thailand);

28.48 Continue to strengthen cooperation and exchange on the promotion

and protection of economic, social and cultural rights with other developing

countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo);

28.49 Continue to promote South-South cooperation in responding to climate

change (Fiji);

28.50 Continue to promote knowledge-sharing with other developing

countries on public health-service projects (Gabon);

28.51 Continue sharing its best practices concerning poverty reduction with

other developing countries (Guinea);

28.52 Continue to communicate with other developing countries on the

experience of state governance, including on promoting and protecting human

rights (Lao People’s Democratic Republic);

28.53 Continue sharing best practices and experiences on the development

work of China with developing countries (Lebanon);

28.54 Enhance education reform with particular attention to developing

countries as part of South-South cooperation (Libya);

28.55 Enhance cooperation and the sharing of best practices with other

developing countries to guarantee the rights of persons with disabilities by

reducing poverty, rehabilitation and access to education (Malaysia);

28.56 Keep improving its legal system for the protection of human rights and

effectively improve judicial guarantees for human rights (Nigeria);

28.57 Review its national and regional security legislation to bring it into

conformity with international human rights law and standards and ensure that

provisions are clearly and strictly defined (Austria);

28.58 Continue to strengthen and improve the work on petitions, and

safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens (Democratic People’s

Republic of Korea);

28.59 Continue to protect the rights of vulnerable groups (Hungary);

28.60 Continue efforts to implement its international human rights

commitments, particularly with regard to women’s and children’s rights

(Peru);

28.61 Continue to strengthen the protection of vulnerable groups (Togo);

28.62 Continue current reforms to protect human rights as a whole (Guinea);

28.63 Intensify efforts to promote and fully ensure the rights of women,

children and persons with disabilities (Italy);

28.64 Further strengthen the rights of women, children, the elderly and

persons with disabilities (Mauritius);

28.65 Continue to improve its system of legislative protection of human

rights in accordance with its international obligations (Russian Federation);

28.66 Establish an independent national human rights institution in

accordance with the Paris Principles (Liechtenstein); Establish a national

human rights institution in accordance with the Paris Principles (Poland)

(Togo) (Uruguay); Establish, in a timely manner, a national human rights

institution that is in line with the Paris Principles and is provided with

adequate resources to fulfil a wide-ranging mandate (Seychelles); Speed up the

establishment of a national human rights institution (Mali);

28.67 Continue its efforts to improve human rights by establishing an

independent national human rights institution (Republic of Korea);

28.68 Continue to consider setting up a national human rights institution in

accordance with the Paris Principles (Tunisia);

28.69 Consider establishing a national human rights institution in line with

the Paris Principles (Botswana); Consider the establishment of an independent

national human rights institution in accordance with the Paris Principles

(Bulgaria);

28.70 Continue its path towards establishing a national human rights

institution in accordance with the Paris Principles (Georgia);

28.71 Continue its study on the issue of establishing a national human rights

institution in accordance with the Paris Principles (India);

28.72 Work on strengthening international cooperation in the field of human

rights through its National Human Rights Action Plan 2016–2020

(Turkmenistan);

28.73 Continue to implement its National Human Rights Action Plan

(Cambodia);

28.74 Ensure the effective implementation of the third National Human

Rights Action Plan (2016–2020) (Kyrgyzstan);

28.75 Enhance the publicity of law enforcement, justice and abiding by the

law in Chinese human rights protection practice (Azerbaijan);

28.76 Accelerate human rights education for all to build a fair and just

society where human rights are fully respected (Lesotho);

28.77 Continue supporting the capacity-building of its personnel in the area

of human rights in order to raise awareness on human rights (Uzbekistan);

28.78 Continue with training on human rights awareness for government

officials and expand it to all segments of society (Guyana);

28.79 Continue to raise human rights awareness among members of society

(Nigeria);

28.80 Continue promoting and raising awareness on human rights

(Equatorial Guinea);

28.81 Strengthen its efforts towards the promotion of human rights

education and awareness-raising programmes (Armenia);

28.82 Ensure the development of a legal definition of discrimination in order

to enhance equality between men and women (Portugal);

28.83 Ensure the full enjoyment of human rights for women, girls and

individuals of all sexual orientations and gender identities by implementing the

anti-domestic violence law and clearly defining its coverage (Sweden);

28.84 Adopt an anti-discrimination law for the public and private work

environment that guarantees all people equitable and non-discriminatory

treatment in their places of work (Uruguay);

28.85 Adopt comprehensive legislation against all types of discrimination

that promotes the protection of persons from marginalized and disadvantaged

groups and the exercise of their civil and political rights, as well as their

economic and social rights (Honduras);

28.86 Adopt measures, including public policies or laws, which ensure the

enjoyment of the right of every person not to be discriminated against in any

way, including their sexual orientation, religion or ethnic origin (Mexico);

28.87 Strengthen national legislation and public policies to combat

discrimination, including on sexual orientation and gender identity grounds

(Chile);

28.88 Prohibit all forms of discrimination and violence against lesbian, gay,

bisexual, transgender and intersex persons (France);

28.89 Take the necessary measures to offer adequate and effective protection

against all forms of discrimination, including that based on sexual orientation

(Argentina);

28.90 Adopt legislation within one year prohibiting discrimination on

grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity in all public and private

sectors and provide for positive duties on the part of government to promote

equality on these grounds (Netherlands);

28.91 Endeavour to promote racial harmony through improvement of the

equality of women of African descent (Botswana);

28.92 Pay more attention to the allocation of public resources in its

development process (Viet Nam);

28.93 Make additional efforts to close the gap between rural and urban areas

(Oman);

28.94 Continue efforts to narrow the income gap between urban and rural

areas, while paying special attention to ethnic minority areas (Qatar);

28.95 Continue to support economic and social development programmes

and to focus on bridging the gap between rural and urban areas, particularly in

the field of public health services (Qatar);

28.96 Redouble efforts to bridge the gap in economic and social development

between rural and urban areas (Republic of Korea);

28.97 Continue implementing policies directed towards poverty alleviation,

with a particular focus on access to services such as education, health care and

social security for all migrant workers from rural areas (Republic of Moldova);

28.98 Continue increasing per capita income for both urban and rural

residents (Turkmenistan);

28.99 Continue to develop agricultural technology in order to further

promote food security (Uganda);

28.100 Continue to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,

while remaining committed to the Paris Agreement (Bangladesh);

28.101 Continue to promote participation, integration and the sharing of

development benefits by people in vulnerable situations (Bangladesh);

28.102 Take further measures to ensure the right to development in the entire

territory of China, including in remote regions of the country (Uzbekistan);

28.103 Continue to provide assistance to low-income groups in urban and

rural areas (Angola);

28.104 Continue to promote participation, integration and the sharing of

development benefits by vulnerable groups (Belarus);

28.105 Eliminate absolute poverty and build a prosperous society by 2020;

turn China into a strong, democratic and culturally advanced socialist society

by 2050 (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

28.106 Continue to uphold a people-centred development approach

(Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

28.107 Further strengthen its efforts in poverty reduction and implementation

of the Sustainable Development Goals and continue to improve its legal system

for safeguarding the human rights of its people (Bhutan);

28.108 Continue its efforts to adopt a policy to achieve greater development

and well-being for the people (Yemen);

28.109 Continue to incorporate women, children, the elderly and persons with

disabilities into overall national economic and social development planning

(Brunei Darussalam);

28.110 Make further efforts to strengthen the protection of the rights of

children, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups (Bulgaria);

28.111 Continue to implement the outline programme for the national and

regional development of women and children to promote the comprehensive

development of women and children (Cameroon);

28.112 Continue to promote participation, integration and the sharing of the

benefits of its development by vulnerable groups (Zambia);

28.113 Pay greater attention to the needs of women in the development

process and build support capacities, in particular in financial support (Central

African Republic);

28.114 Continue the implementation of the China National Plan for Child

Development (2011–2020) (Iraq);

28.115 Continue efforts to achieve socialist modernization by 2035 (Cuba);

28.116 Continue to implement strategies to ensure rural revitalization and

equitable regional development (Zimbabwe);

28.117 Continue its efforts to implement Agenda 2030 for Sustainable

Development (El Salvador);

28.118 Step up efforts to further reduce poverty among the rural population

(Ghana);

28.119 Continue structural reforms on issues of sustainable development

(Guinea);

28.120 Ensure the well-being of all its people, based on inclusive development

(India);

28.121 Safeguard its political system and the development path chosen by its

own people (Islamic Republic of Iran);

28.122 Continue its efforts to eliminate absolute poverty by 2020 and share

best practice in poverty alleviation with other countries (Islamic Republic of

Iran);

28.123 Continue to carry out the new development concept and build a

modern economic system (Lao People’s Democratic Republic);

28.124 Continue providing care to the poorest in the context of poverty

reduction and exerting efforts to ensure greater economic equity (Lebanon);

28.125 Support capacity building on sustainable development and improve the

living standards of citizens (Libya);

28.126 Implement the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda

(Madagascar);

28.127 Continue efforts to lift the rural population living under the current

poverty line out of poverty by 2020 (Myanmar);

28.128 Continue sharing experiences and best practices in implementing

people’s right to development (Namibia);

28.129 Continue enhancing the right to development at the national and

international levels and making available its experiences in this regard to other

countries (Egypt)

28.130 Promote measures that ensure that development and infrastructure

projects inside and outside its territory are fully consistent with human rights

and respect the environment and the sustainability of natural resources, in line

with applicable national and international law and the commitments of the

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Ecuador);

28.131 Consider the establishment of a legal framework to guarantee that

activities carried out by industries subject to its jurisdiction do not negatively

impact human rights abroad (Peru);

28.132 Strengthen efforts, in accordance with the International Covenant on

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Guiding Principles on Business

and Human Rights, to reduce the adverse environmental effects of

industrialization including air pollution (Republic of Korea);

28.133 Take further measures on business and human rights in line with its

international obligations and ensure that companies operating in high-risk or

conflict areas conduct human rights due diligence in line with the Guiding

Principles on Business and Human Rights (State of Palestine);

28.134 Establish a regulatory framework to assess the human rights and

environmental impacts of corporations headquartered in China so as to

promote and respect human rights, in follow-up to the recommendations

contained in paragraphs 186.185, 186.193, 186.224 and 186.251 of the report of

the Working Group, accepted during the second cycle (Haiti);

28.135 Continue extending Chinese laws, regulations and standards such as

the Guiding Principles on Business and Human rights to Chinese companies

operating beyond China’s borders (Kenya);

28.136 Continue efforts to speed up pollution governance in coastal waters

(Maldives);

28.137 Continue to protect citizens’ right to know, participate and supervise in

the environmental field (Cameroon);

28.138 Continue to implement the law on environmental protection, the law on

controlling air pollution and the law on the protection of wildlife etc.

(Equatorial Guinea);

28.139 Protect the environment, ensuring appropriate conditions (Libya);

28.140 Continue to intensify measures to implement the Paris Agreement in

view of the undeniable impact of climate change on the enjoyment of

fundamental human rights (Seychelles);

28.141 Continue defending multilateralism and in particular its role in

providing the leadership on climate change that is sorely needed (South

Africa);

28.142 Strengthen measures to combat pollution and climate change (Côte

d’Ivoire);

28.143 Continue to take into account the vulnerabilities, needs and views of

women, children and persons with disabilities in developing policies, projects or

programmes on issues related to climate change, environmental protection and

disaster risk management (Fiji);

28.144 Continue to fully implement the Paris Agreement (Fiji);

28.145 Sustain its efforts in the global fight against terrorism and extremism

(Nigeria);

28.146 Continue its efforts to maintain and promote peace and stability and

the welfare of its people living in the ethnic minority areas, including through

action against terrorist organizations and individuals (Pakistan);

28.147 Encourage China to take further measures to combat extreme religious

organizations and movements (Syrian Arab Republic);

28.148 Continue to fight against terrorism and extremism and separatist

tendencies to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity (Syrian Arab

Republic);

28.149 Continue to maintain peace and stability in the country to lay a solid

foundation for the enjoyment of all human rights (Syrian Arab Republic);

28.150 Amend the definition of subversion to remove all exercise of an

individual’s human rights and fundamental freedoms from its scope (United

States of America);

28.151 Continue to implement the Counter-Terrorism Law and protect people

from terrorist threats (Belarus);

28.152 Ensure that any legal provision to protect national security is clearly

and strictly defined in its security laws, in conformity with international human

rights law and standards (Belgium);

28.153 Continue to crack down on terrorist and separatist organizations such

as East Turkistan forces (Burundi);

28.154 Continue to combat terrorism and extremism with regard to human

rights (Iraq);

28.155 Continue to strengthen the legislative framework on counter-terrorism

and to implement relevant laws (Egypt);

28.156 Prohibit corporal punishment of children in all settings, including in

the home (Estonia);

28.157 Explicitly prohibit corporal punishment in all settings by law

(Montenegro);

28.158 Work towards the abolition of the death penalty, and publish execution

data (Australia); Increase transparency regarding the death penalty by

publishing statistics on the total number of executions and establish as soon as

possible a moratorium on the death penalty as a first step towards its abolition

(Slovenia);

28.159 Reduce the offences punishable by the death penalty and provide

official figures regarding death sentences and executions, and consider

introducing a moratorium on the death penalty (Italy); Consider further

limitations on the use of the death penalty with a view to imposing a de facto

moratorium on its use, aiming at its total abolition (Rwanda); Further reduce

the number of capital crimes (Cyprus);

28.160 Continue to reform towards abolition of the death penalty (New

Zealand); Take steps towards abolishing the death penalty (Norway);

28.161 Completely abolish the death penalty, and adopt an immediate de facto

moratorium (Portugal); Establish a moratorium on the death penalty, as a step

towards abolition (Spain); Establish a moratorium on executions (Iceland);

28.162 Consider establishing a moratorium on capital punishment with a view

to its total abolition (Luxembourg);

28.163 Restrict the use of the death penalty to crimes that meet the threshold

of “most serious crimes” under international law (Belgium);

28.164 Take steps to establish a moratorium on the death penalty, while

guaranteeing that those who may be subjected to this penalty are entitled to

adequate legal representation and to a fair trial (Brazil);

28.165 Continue reviewing national legislation to reduce the number of crimes

punishable by the death penalty, and encourage a public debate on its abolition

(Chile);

28.166 Abolish the death penalty and as soon as possible, publish statistics

concerning the numbers of executions and guarantee the right to a defence

(France);

28.167 Consider establishing a moratorium on the use of the death penalty,

and examine the possibility of abolishing the death penalty from its legal system

(Argentina);

28.168 Establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with a view to

its complete abolition and commute all existing death sentences (Liechtenstein);

28.169 Continue identifying more crimes for which the death penalty should

be abolished (Namibia);

28.170 Strengthen measures preventing torture and ill-treatment (Australia);

28.171 Respect the rights of all detainees under the relevant human rights

instruments and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, including due

process (Sweden);

28.172 Continue to effectively implement its Action Plan against Human

Trafficking, focusing on efforts to provide assistance to victims, especially

victims of cross-border trafficking (Viet Nam);

28.173 Elaborate comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation that provides for

the criminalization of all forms of trafficking (Ukraine);

28.174 Adopt comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation, including on

trafficking for sexual exploitation and illegal adoptions (Côte d’Ivoire);

28.175 Cease the arbitrary detention of Uighurs and other Muslim groups in

Xinjiang (Australia);

28.176 Put an end to the practice of “residential surveillance at a designated

location”, specifically with regard to human rights defenders and lawyers

(Switzerland);

28.177 Abolish all forms of arbitrary detention, including internment camps

in Xinjiang, and immediately release the hundreds of thousands, possibly

millions, of individuals detained in these camps (United States of America);

28.178 Halt the practice of detaining ethno-religious minorities who have not

been lawfully convicted for a criminal offence in re-education camps and

release those currently detained under such circumstances (Belgium);

28.179 Release Uighurs and other Muslims who have been detained arbitrarily

and without due process for their ethnicity or religion (Canada);

28.180 End all unlawful detention, including the unconstitutional mass

detention of Uighurs and other Muslims in Xinjiang, and residential

surveillance at a designated location (Germany);

28.181 End the arbitrary detention of those who defend and promote human

rights (Iceland);

28.182 Fully protect freedom of religion or belief by ensuring Chinese law

supports the rights of individuals to freely practise their religion (Australia);

28.183 Respect, protect and fulfil the right to freedom of thought, conscience

and religion, in accordance with general comment 22 of the Human Rights

Committee (New Zealand);

28.184 Continue accelerating the development of laws and systems that

protect freedom of religion for all citizens (Peru);

28.185 Ensure full implementation of its international human rights

obligations regarding freedom of religion or belief (Poland);

28.186 Take the necessary measures to allow all citizens to enjoy the free

exercise of religion or belief and to ensure that ethnic minorities can freely

practise their religion and exercise their culture (Austria);

28.187 Continue to conduct friendly exchanges in the religious field with other

provinces to increase mutual understanding (Saudi Arabia);

28.188 Continue to promote freedom of religious belief in accordance with the

law; safeguard social and religious harmony among its people (Turkmenistan);

28.189 Cease interference in the selection and education of religious leaders,

such as Tibetan Buddhist lamas (United States of America);

28.190 End prosecution and persecution on the basis of religion or belief,

including for Muslims, Christians, Tibetan Buddhists and Falun Gong

(Canada);

28.191 Ensure freedom of religion or belief and end the detention, harassment

and so-called re-education of ethnic minorities, including in Xinjiang (Czechia);

28.192 Continue to fight against cult organizations to safeguard the people’s

welfare (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea);

28.193 Continue promoting freedom of religion or belief in accordance with

the context of national laws (Egypt);

28.194 Guarantee freedom of religion or belief, including in Tibet and in

Xinjiang (France);

28.195 Respect the rights to freedom of religion or belief, opinion and

expression, peaceful assembly and culture, including for Tibetans, Uighurs and

other minorities (Germany);

28.196 Grant greater religious freedom to Catholics and Protestants, in

follow-up to the recommendations contained in paragraphs 186.136, 186.138,

186.40, 186.141 and 186.143 of the report of the Working Group, accepted

during the second cycle, concerning freedom of religion, and in accordance

with its Constitution (Haiti);

28.197 Continue to strengthen the development of laws and systems for

protecting freedom of religion or belief (Indonesia);

28.198 Improve the management of religious worship, in accordance with

national laws (Algeria);

28.199 Expedite the reforms necessary for freedom of expression to be fully

protected in law and practice (Australia);

28.200 Respect, protect and ensure the freedom of expression of all citizens

(Norway);

28.201 Remove restrictions on freedom of expression and press freedom,

including on the Internet, that are not in accordance with international law

(Sweden);

28.202 Punish online criminal activities according to the existing law

(Cambodia);

28.203 Repeal or amend laws and practices, such as censorship, which prevent

the right to freedom of expression and free access to information (Czechia);

28.204 Enable unrestricted use of the Internet by all members of society by

ensuring cybersecurity and the safe flow of information without violating

freedom of expression (Estonia);

28.205 Guarantee freedom of expression, assembly and association including

in Hong Kong, and remove obstacles to freedom of information on the Internet,

in particular for human rights defenders (France);

28.206 Consider further measures to ensure a safe environment for journalists

and other civil society actors to carry out their work (Greece);

28.207 Guarantee freedom of opinion and expression, enhancing efforts to

create an environment in which journalists, human rights defenders and NGOs

can freely operate in accordance with international standards (Italy);

28.208 Protect and guarantee respect for freedom of information and

expression, in particular by journalists, bloggers and human rights defenders

(Luxembourg);

28.209 Continue to improve the quality of universal Internet access services,

and bridge the digital divide (Mozambique);

28.210 Continue ensuring the legal protection of activity by foreign non-

governmental organizations, as provided for by the relevant law (Russian

Federation);

28.211 Expand the list of professional supervisory units to accommodate the

registration of non-governmental organizations that seek to work in China

(Denmark);

28.212 Continue its legislative, judicial and administrative reforms to prepare

for accession to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural

Rights (Tunisia);

28.213 Guarantee fair trials, an independent judiciary and access to legal

counsel, release all human rights defenders, including lawyers, and refrain

from persecuting those who exercise their rights or defend others (Czechia);

28.214 Continue to implement initiatives for a comprehensive and far-

reaching reform of the judicial system with a view to strengthening judicial

guarantees in the field of human rights (Democratic Republic of the Congo);

28.215 Continue to strengthen the role of the judiciary in the protection of

human rights (Egypt);

28.216 Guarantee the protection of lawyers against any form of harassment,

violence or attempts to impede or interfere with the defence of their clients, in

accordance with national law (Finland);

28.217 Further strengthen its national capacity with the aim of pursuing

measures taken in the judicial sphere (Gabon);

28.218 Guarantee fair trials; allow all defendants unhindered access to their

chosen lawyers, prompt notification of their families and transparent legal

procedures (Germany);

28.219 Continue advancing administrative and judicial reforms in preparation

for the ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

(Greece);

28.220 Strengthen law enforcement education and supervision for judicial

personnel (Kuwait);

28.221 Continue to promote openness of the judicial system and fully use the

four major platforms for the openness of the approval process, trial procedure,

judgment documents and information on the execution of judgments

(Kyrgyzstan);

28.222 Consider including measures aimed at ensuring the increased

efficiency and accountability of public services (Azerbaijan);

28.223 Continue strengthening and developing legislation that promotes the

protection of labour and social rights (Eritrea);

28.224 Continue to raise the level, quality and coverage of its public services

and further improve them, particularly in rural areas (Islamic Republic of

Iran);

28.225 Continue to strengthen social correction management and help address

problems of employment, schooling and social insurance for persons subject to

social correction in the country (Jordan);

28.226 Continue to promote economic and social development in ethnic

minority areas (Belarus);

28.227 Continue to protect and improve the livelihood of people in

development (Saudi Arabia);

28.228 Continue to develop education and medical services in the less

developed regions of the country (Uganda);

28.229 Strengthen the welfare and well-being of the elderly (Plurinational

State of Bolivia);

28.230 Continue to actively respond to the ageing of the population and

improve the service system for assisting persons with disabilities (Brunei

Darussalam);

28.231 Conduct the nutrition improvement programme for children in

poverty-stricken areas on a larger scale (Azerbaijan);

28.232 Continue implementing measures to ensure food security (Equatorial

Guinea);

28.233 Continue to give attention to urban residents who have migrated from

rural areas, especially the issue of housing those in need (Serbia);

28.234 Advance the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas in

accordance with national conditions (Tajikistan);

28.235 Gradually establish a mechanism to ensure safe housing for low-

income rural residents (Plurinational State of Bolivia);

28.236 Pursue the policy of building affordable social housing and renovate

dilapidated housing to improve the living conditions of the population

(Algeria);

28.237 Further strengthen the social security system (Oman);

28.238 Continue to strengthen the social insurance system (Ghana);

28.239 Continue measures to improve the social security system for all (India);

28.240 Continue to improve the agriculture sector in rural communities in

light of national conditions (Plurinational State of Bolivia);

28.241 Continue to implement the rural revival strategy (Myanmar);

28.242 Increase its efforts to counter water pollution (Congo);

28.243 Guarantee children’s health rights, namely by ensuring that they are

protected against unsafe vaccinations and blood transfusions (Portugal);

28.244 Introduce appropriate amendments to the minimum wage and issue

guiding principles for salaries (United Arab Emirates);

28.245 Further promote awareness among the whole of society on protecting

the rights and interests of female employees (United Republic of Tanzania);

28.246 Further improve laws and regulations regarding the rights and

interests of workers and labour unions (Angola);

28.247 Continue to guarantee the right to work, and build harmonious labour

relations (Mozambique);

28.248 Give reasonable adjustment to minimum wage standards and issue

salary guidelines (United Arab Emirates);

28.249 Continue the Healthy China plan and strengthen other measures to

promote the right to health (Viet Nam);

28.250 Continue to strengthen health services in rural areas, including

community elder-care services (Singapore);

28.251 Take further steps to consolidate programmes and actions aimed at

improving public health care, including further reducing maternal and infant

mortality (Sri Lanka);

28.252 Continue to implement the Healthy China strategy (Democratic

People’s Republic of Korea);

28.253 Continue to promote the development of the physical and mental

health of children in a balanced fashion (Gabon);

28.254 Continue to increase government investment in maternal and child

health services (Indonesia);

28.255 Continue public health education consultations for the general public

and support NGOs in providing health services in communities (Jordan);

28.256 Give more public health resources to the central and western regions

and rural areas (Mozambique);

28.257 Continue the fight against illegal drugs and rehabilitate drug addicts

(Philippines);

28.258 Continue to improve the quality of maternity services (Morocco);

28.259 Move forward with the development of the educational system (Oman);

28.260 Take appropriate measures to ensure that all children fully enjoy the

right to education (Portugal);

28.261 Make further efforts to provide the right to education for all without

discrimination (Qatar);

28.262 Continue to advance in the area of fair and equal education so as to

guarantee the right to education (Saudi Arabia);

28.263 Continue to invest in improving the conditions of schools in remote

areas (Singapore);

28.264 Ensure access to quality education for all children in line with the

Convention on the Rights of the Child (Slovenia);

28.265 Further improve access to education for children, especially those

living in rural areas and the children of migrant workers (Sri Lanka);

28.266 Expand the balanced development of compulsory education and the

delivery of public services in urban and rural areas (Bahrain);

28.267 Continue efforts to narrow the gap in compulsory education between

ethnic autonomous areas and the national average (Burundi);

28.268 Continue to develop bilingual education in ethnic minority areas

(Democratic People’s Republic of Korea);

28.269 Strengthen the technical professional education system as a quality

education alternative for the development of the country (Eritrea);

28.270 Increase the financial support for children in difficulty to guarantee

their right to compulsory education (Algeria);

28.271 Encourage China to pursue and further reinforce actions in favour of

providing education and training for the most disadvantaged groups

(Comoros);

28.272 Continue to implement the free education policy in the Tibet

Autonomous Region (Nepal);

28.273 Increase support for early childhood education in rural communities

(Nepal);

28.274 Continue the increased supply of educational resources in remote,

rural and ethnic minority areas (Bangladesh);

28.275 Strengthen the approach of respecting cultural differences within its

territory (Peru);

28.276 Continue to enhance the public service levels of radio and television

(Azerbaijan);

28.277 Improve radio and television coverage and service quality in remote

areas (Tajikistan);

28.278 Improve the system of public cultural services and provide cultural

services to impoverished people (Cameroon);

28.279 Continue efforts to enhance women’s rights (Tunisia);

28.280 Continue consolidating the achievements made in the promotion of

women’s rights and welfare (Dominican Republic);

28.281 Pursue measures to address the gender pay gap, including by adopting

legislation regarding the principle of equal pay (Republic of Moldova);

28.282 Promote the introduction of labour legislation providing for equal pay

between men and women for the same work (Colombia);

28.283 Make efforts to promote and protect human rights, and achieve gender

equality in pay (Iraq);

28.284 Continue to promote gender equality, in particular by improving

labour law and regulatory systems for women in employment (Djibouti);

28.285 Continue and expand the current efforts to tackle all forms of gender

discrimination, including the current efforts to integrate women’s development

through its overall national economic and social planning (Guyana);

28.286 Take adequate measures to prevent all forms of gender-based

discrimination and violence against women (Liechtenstein);

28.287 Continue efforts to curtail gender discrimination (Malaysia);

28.288 Continue introducing and implementing measures to reduce the gender

pay gap and strengthen the representation of women in leadership and

managerial positions (Morocco);

28.289 Strengthen measures to combat violence against women and domestic

violence including through enhancing existing legislation to better ensure

accountability for victims (Rwanda);

28.290 With regard to the new legislation on domestic violence, implement as

soon as possible the obligations towards women victims, which ensue from it

(Switzerland);

28.291 Continue to improve the laws and policies for Chinese women to take

part in decision-making (Serbia);

28.292 Continue the implementation of its policy on ensuring employment for

women and enhancing the equal participation of women at the strategic and

operational levels (Ethiopia);

28.293 Adopt concrete measures to promote women’s full and equal

participation in political and public life (Iceland);

28.294 Continue taking measures for improving women’s development,

including the participation of women in public affairs (India);

28.295 Take further steps to promote the role of women in decision-making

and management processes (Armenia);

28.296 Give priority to protecting the rights of girl children by ensuring that

all girls are registered at birth, implement wide awareness-raising campaigns

on the human rights of girls and promote their education (Slovenia);

28.297 Continue efforts to enhance children’s rights (Tunisia);

28.298 Intensify efforts to support children left behind by their parents in

rural areas as well as children in vulnerable situations (Djibouti);

28.299 Accelerate the process of modifying the relevant law in order to

continue improving the legal protection of minors (Dominican Republic);

28.300 Promote the healthy development of children in poverty-stricken areas

and prevent the inter-generational transmission of poverty (Kuwait);

28.301 Take measures to ensure all children, especially those of asylum

seekers and refugees, have access to education (Mexico);

28.302 Continue to implement the Children’s Development Guidelines and the

National Programme of Action for Child Development and improve the

mechanism for the protection of children’s rights and interests (Myanmar);

28.303 Continue developing public policies to protect the rights of the child,

including the elimination of all forms of exploitation (Chile);

28.304 Develop a national plan to eradicate child labour, particularly in the

mining, manufacturing and brick-making sectors, and guarantee school

attendance (Costa Rica);

28.305 Continue to implement the revised Law on the Protection of Minors

and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency to ensure minors’

physical and psychological health (Kuwait);

28.306 Continue efforts to enhance the welfare of persons with disabilities and

the elderly (Philippines);

28.307 Pay more attention to protecting the rights and interests of persons

with disabilities (Saudi Arabia);

28.308 Streamline the implementation of Initiative 5125 of the Framework

Law on Disability (Spain);

28.309 Continue efforts to develop measures to eliminate discrimination

against persons with disabilities, in accordance with the Convention on the

Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Thailand);

28.310 Protect the rights and interests of persons with disabilities in order to

achieve comprehensive sustainable development for this sector of society

(United Arab Emirates);

28.311 Protect the rights and interests of persons with disabilities so that they

may achieve integrated and sustainable development (United Arab Emirates);

28.312 Continue implementing the care subsidy system for persons with

disabilities (United Republic of Tanzania);

28.313 Take the necessary measures, in line with the provisions of

international treaties, to ensure the full exercise of the rights of people with

disabilities (Angola);

28.314 Ratify the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works

for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled

(Brazil);

28.315 Continue to improve basic social security coverage for people with

disabilities (Congo);

28.316 Ensure that persons with disabilities enjoy equal rights to participate

in national social affairs management and other legitimate rights and interests

(Jordan);

28.317 Cease restrictions on the freedom of movement of Uighurs and

Tibetans and allow the media and United Nations and foreign officials access to

Xinjiang and Tibet (Australia);

28.318 Resume the two-way dialogue on Tibet (New Zealand);

28.319 Take urgent steps to respect the rights of persons belonging to ethnic

minorities, including the rights to peaceful assembly and to manifest religion

and culture, in particular in Xinjiang and Tibet (Sweden);

28.320 Respect all the human rights of the Tibetan people and other

minorities, including the importance of an environment that is safe, clean,

healthy and sustainable, which is essential for the enjoyment of many of these

rights (Switzerland);

28.321 Adhere to supply-side reform and promote sustainable and sound

economic and social development in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region

(Tajikistan);

28.322 Fully respect the rights of ethnic minorities, freedom of religion and

expressions of cultural identity (Croatia);

28.323 Expand existing programmes that are aimed at ensuring the protection

of the rights of minorities (Zimbabwe);

28.324 Further ensure the advancement of the human rights of minority

groups (Afghanistan);

28.325 Protect and promote all human rights, especially the rights of ethnic

and religious minorities, including the Xinjiang Uighurs. Discontinue all the

Government’s policies and activities, such as ethnic profiling, that are not in

compliance with China’s international human rights obligations, and allow the

Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief to visit the Xinjiang

Autonomous Region (Finland);

28.326 Further strengthen the protection of the rights of ethnic minority

groups, in accordance with China’s Constitution and international human

rights commitments (Greece);

28.327 Prevent and combat all forms of discrimination and violence, especially

against ethnic and religious minorities (Italy);

28.328 Continue to guarantee the rights of ethnic minorities to participate in

the management of State and social affairs on an equal footing according to law

(Lao People’s Democratic Republic);

28.329 Increase knowledge of the law among workers, especially migrant

workers (Plurinational State of Bolivia);

28.330 Continue promoting the rights to education of the children of migrant

workers (Dominican Republic);

28.331 Continue to provide basic health-care services for migrants

(Madagascar);

28.332 Continue to protect the rights of migrant workers through legislation

(Nepal);

28.333 Release detained human rights defenders (Australia);

28.334 Create and maintain a safe and enabling environment for all human

rights defenders (Norway);

28.335 Apply public policies to protect human rights defenders in line with

international standards (Spain);

28.336 Cease the harassment and extraterritorial abduction of human rights

defenders and their family members, cease house arrest and travel restrictions

for people based on their rights defence work, and release those imprisoned for

such work, including Tashi Wangchuk, Ilham Tohti, Huang Qi and Wang

Quanzhang (United States of America);

28.337 Take the necessary measures to guarantee that human rights defenders

can exercise their freedom of expression and peaceful association (Belgium);

28.338 Guarantee the full exercise of the freedoms of association and

expression of human rights defenders and minorities, in accordance with

international human rights law (Costa Rica);

28.339 Enable all members of civil society to freely engage with international

human rights mechanisms without fear of intimidation and reprisals (Estonia);

28.340 Take immediate action to allow human rights defenders and lawyers to

exercise their right to freedom of expression and opinion without threats,

harassment or repercussions (Ireland);

28.341 Adopt the necessary measures to provide a safe environment for those

who work on the protection and promotion of human rights, including human

rights defenders and journalists, and investigate and punish all acts of violence

against them (Argentina);

28.342 Ensure that human rights defenders can conduct their work without

being subjected to harassment, intimidation or any kind of reprisals

(Liechtenstein);

28.343 Uphold the rights, freedoms and rule of law embodied in the one

country, two systems framework for Hong Kong (Australia);

28.344 Enhance monitoring of the implementation of the Standard

Employment Contract, particularly for migrant domestic workers in Hong

Kong (Philippines);

28.345 Ensure the right of Hong Kong people to take part in government

without distinction of any kind (Canada);

28.346 That the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region introduce internal

legislation to implement the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Croatia).

29. All conclusions and/or recommendations contained in the present report reflect

the position of the submitting State(s) and/or the State under review. They should not

be construed as endorsed by the Working Group as a whole.

Annex

Composition of the delegation

The delegation of China was headed by the Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Le

Yucheng and composed of the following members:

• Mr. YU Jianhua, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of China;

• Mr. ZHANG Jun, Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. LI Junhua, Director-General, Department of International Organizations and

Conferences, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Ms. LIU Hua, Special Representative for Human Rights, Ministry of Foreign

Affairs;

• Mr. YANG Bingjian, Director-General, Eighth Department, United Front Work

Department of CPC Central Committee;

• Ms. ZHANG Jie, Presiding Judge, Second Criminal Division, Supreme People’s

Court;

• Mr. WANG Yongle; Deputy Director-General, General Office, Central Leading

Group for Judicial System Reform;

• Ms. SUN Ping, Deputy Director-General, Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of

Public Security;

• Mr. AN Ning, Deputy Director-General, Department of Social Organizations

Administration, Ministry of Civil Affairs;

• Ms. YIN Xuemei, Deputy Director-General, Department of International

Cooperation, Ministry of Justice;

• Mr. TAN Chaoyun, Deputy Director-General, Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry

of Human Resources and Social Security;

• Mr. ZHAO Ke, Deputy Director-General, Department of Policy and Regulation,

Ministry of Ecology and Environment;

• Mr. LI Liping, Deputy Director-General, Department of Financial Planning and

Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development;

• Mr. KUANG Sheng, Deputy Director-General, Fourth Department, National

Religious Affairs Administration;

• Ms. SHI Songyu, Deputy Director-General of Research Office, National Public

Complaints and Proposals Administration;

• Ms. ZHANG Li, Deputy Director-General, General Office, National Working

Committee on Children and Women under the State Council;

• Ms. GUO Chunning, Deputy Director-General, Research Office, State Council

Working Committee on Disability;

• Mr. WANG Dai, Deputy Director-General, Department of Basic Education,

Ministry of Education;

• Mr. GONG Xiangguang, Deputy Director-General, Department of Law and

Legislation, National Health Commission;

• Mr. LI Xiaojun, Director, Human Rights Bureau, State Council Information Office;

• Ms. PAN Jingjing, Deputy Director, Seventh Department, United Front Work

Department of CPC Central Committee;

• Mr. ZHOU Qiang, Senior Staff, Department of International Cooperation, National

Development and Reform Commission;

• Mr. PANG Hanzhao, Counsellor, General Office, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. SHEN Dan, Second Secretary, General Office, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. YANG Zhilun, Director, Department of International Organizations and

Conferences, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Ms. GENG Fei, Deputy-Director, Department of International Organizations and

Conferences, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Ms. WANG Yi, Deputy-Director, Department of International Organizations and

Conferences, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. LIU Shaoxuan, Deputy-Director, Department of International Organizations and

Conferences, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. LIU Jia, Third Secretary, Department of International Organizations and

Conferences, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. LIU Huiwen, Third Secretary, Department of International Organizations and

Conferences, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Ms. LV Xiaoxiao, Attaché, Department of International Organizations and

Conferences, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. BI Haibo, Counsellor, Information Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. LI Jing, Deputy-Director, Department of Treaty and Law, Ministry of Foreign

Affairs;

• Ms. FAN Qin, Counsellor, Department of Translation and Interpretation, Ministry of

Foreign Affairs;

• Ms. LV Fei, Deputy-Director, Department of Translation and Interpretation,

Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

• Ms. YU Jia, Deputy-Director, Department of External Security Affairs, Ministry of

Foreign Affairs;

• Mr. JIANG Duan, Minister, Permanent Mission of China;

• Mr. JIANG Yingfeng, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of China;

• Mr. QI Dahai, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of China;

• Mr. DAI Demao, First Secretary, Permanent Mission of China;

• Ms. MU Jinling, Second Secretary, Permanent Mission of China;

• Mr. CHEN Cheng, Attaché, Permanent Mission of China;

• Ms. QU Jiehao, Attaché, Permanent Mission of China;

• Mr. CHEN Xin, Attaché, Permanent Mission of China;

• Mr. GENG Gai, Attaché, Permanent Mission of China;

• Mr. Yasheng Sidike, Mayor, Urumuqi Municipal People’s Government, Xinjiang

Uyghur Autonomous Region;

• Mr. Luobudunzhu, Deputy Director-General, General Office, Leading Group for

Religious Affairs, Tibet Autonomous Region.

Delegates from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region:

• Mr. CHEUNG Kin Chung, Matthew, Deputy Head of Delegation, Chief Secretary

for Administration, HKSAR;

• Mr. CHAN Shui Fu, Andy, Under Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland

Affairs, Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, HKSAR;

• Ms. LI Po Yi, Mabel, Deputy Commissioner (Labour Administration), Labour

Department, HKSAR;

• Ms. CHUNG Sui Kei, Judy, Principal Assistant Secretary (Constitutional and

Mainland Affairs), Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, HKSAR;

• Mr. TSANG Yue Tung, Andrew, Principal Assistant Secretary (Security), Security

Bureau, HKSAR;

• Mr. WOO Tak Ying, Billy, Principal Assistant Secretary (Security), Security

Bureau, HKSAR;

• Ms. LAU Li Yan, Candy, Admin Assistant to Chief Secretary for Administration,

HKSAR;

• Mr. KAN Ka Fai, Godfrey, Senior Assistant Solicitor General, Department of

Justice, HKSAR;

• Ms. LI King Tsz, Cathy, Assistant Secretary (Constitutional and Mainland Affairs),

Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, HKSAR.

Delegates from the Macao Special Administrative Region:

• Ms. CHAN Hoi Fan, Deputy Head of Delegation, Secretary for Administration and

Justice, MCSAR;

• Mr. LIU Dexue, Director of the Legal Affairs Bureau, MCSAR;

• Mr. ZHU Lin, Adviser, Office of the Secretary for Administration and Justice,

MCSAR;

• Mr. Adriano Marques HO, Adviser, Office of the Secretary for Security, MCSAR;

• Ms. NG Wai Han, Deputy Director, Labour Affairs Bureau, MCSAR;

• Ms. HOI Va Pou, Deputy Director, Social Welfare Bureau, MCSAR;

• Ms. WONG Kio Chan, Division Head of Treaty Division, Legal Affairs Bureau,

MCSAR;

• Mr. LAO Un Cheng, Division Head of Public Relation Division, Legal Affairs

Bureau, MCSAR;

• Mrs. CHAN Cheng, Senior Officer, Office of the Secretary for Administration and

Justice, MCSAR.