RES/35/35 Situation of human rights in Eritrea

GE.17-11301(E)



Human Rights Council Thirty-fifth session

6–23 June 2017

Agenda item 4

Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council on 23 June 2017

35/35. Situation of human rights in Eritrea

The Human Rights Council,

Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human

Rights, the International Covenants on Human Rights and other relevant international

human rights instruments,

Recalling resolution 91 and decisions 250/2002 and 275/2003 of the African

Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights,

Recalling also its resolutions 5/1, on institution-building of the Human Rights

Council, and 5/2, on the Code of Conduct for Special Procedures Mandate Holders of the

Council, both of 18 June 2007, and stressing that the mandate holder shall discharge his or

her duties in accordance with those resolutions and the annexes thereto,

Recalling further its resolutions 20/20 of 6 July 2012, 23/21 of 14 June 2013, 26/24

of 27 June 2014, 29/18 of 2 July 2015 and 32/24 of 1 July 2016,

Noting that Eritrea is a State party to international and regional human rights

instruments, and urging it to comply with its international obligations and its human rights

commitments therefrom,

Noting also the participation of Eritrea in the second cycle of the universal periodic

review and its acceptance of 92 recommendations, and its programme with the United

Nations Development Programme to implement those recommendations, and calling upon

the Government of Eritrea to take immediate concrete measures to implement those

recommendations,

Welcoming the action taken by the Government of Eritrea to protect and promote the

economic and social rights of its people, including through the early achievement of the

Millennium Development Goals and its commitment to the Sustainable Development

Goals,

Welcoming also the commitment of the Government of Eritrea to the promotion of

gender equality, including through its programmes to end female genital mutilation and its

campaign to end child, early and forced marriage,

Regretting the lack of cooperation by the Government of Eritrea with the

commission of inquiry on human rights in Eritrea and the continued lack of cooperation

with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Eritrea, including the denial

of access to the country,

Recalling the reports of the commission of inquiry,1 and continuing to express its

deep concern at the findings contained therein regarding past and ongoing human rights

violations and abuses, such as enslavement, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearance,

torture, other inhumane acts, persecution, rape and murder, and that there are reasonable

grounds to believe that crimes against humanity have been committed in Eritrea since 1991,

and reiterating that all perpetrators of such violations and abuses must be held accountable,

Emphasizing that every citizen has the right to take part in the conduct of public

affairs of his or her country, directly or through freely chosen representatives, and

expressing grave concern that national elections in Eritrea have not been held since 1993

and that the Constitution of 1997 has never been implemented,

Noting with deep concern the findings of the commission of inquiry regarding

crimes involving human rights violations and abuses, committed by government and ruling

party officials, military commanders and members of the National Security Office,

Noting with grave concern the continued use by the Government of Eritrea of

arbitrary arrest and detention, including incommunicado detention in extremely harsh and

life-threatening conditions, of persons suspected of evasion of national service, attempting

to flee the country or unable to produce identity documents, exercising the right to freedom

of religion, or freedom of opinion and expression, including of those perceived as critical of

the Government, of those who return to the country after having fled national service, and

of those detained in the aftermath of the attempt to take over, on 21 January 2013, the

building of the Ministry of Information,

Welcoming the release by the Government of Eritrea, following the mediation of the

Government of Qatar, of four Djiboutian prisoners of war on 18 March 2016, while

recalling that 13 other Djiboutian prisoners of war are still detained in Eritrea,

Expressing grave concern at the widespread use of indefinite conscription into

national/military service, a system that constitutes forced labour, including in a wide range

of economic activities, and the reported forced conscription of children into military

service, and regretting that the fear and experience of a lengthy national service causes

large numbers of Eritreans to leave the country,

Deeply concerned that the situation of human rights in Eritrea is a primary factor in

the large number of Eritreans leaving their country, often facing risks of abduction,

abhorrent physical and mental abuse and other ill-treatment on their migration path,

including abuses by smugglers and human traffickers, while welcoming the participation of

the Government of Eritrea in multilateral forums to discuss counter-trafficking efforts,

Noting with deep concern the findings of the commission of inquiry regarding

persecution on both religious and ethnic grounds, including of members of non-authorized

religious denominations,

1. Recalls the report of the commission of inquiry on human rights in Eritrea,2

stresses the importance of the work of the commission of inquiry and the information it has

1 A/HRC/29/42 and A/HRC/32/47.

2 A/HRC/32/47.

collected in support of future accountability, and continues to urge the Government of

Eritrea to take immediate and concrete steps to implement its recommendations;

2. Welcomes with appreciation the work of the Special Rapporteur on the

situation of human rights in Eritrea,3 stresses its deep concern at the ongoing grave

violations and abuses outlined therein, and urges the Government of Eritrea to take

immediate and concrete steps to implement the recommendations;

3. Welcomes the oral update of the Special Rapporteur to the Human Rights

Council at its thirty-fourth session;

4. Condemns in the strongest terms the reported systematic, widespread and

gross human rights violations and abuses that have been and are being committed by the

Government of Eritrea in a climate of generalized impunity;

5. Condemns in particular the arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances,

torture, killing, sexual violence, discrimination on the basis of religion and ethnicity and

reprisals for the alleged conduct of family members, and the human rights violations and

abuses in the context of indefinite national service, including those involving forced labour,

the forced military conscription of children and sexual violence;

6. Expresses its deep concern at the severe restrictions on the right to freedom

to hold opinions without interference, freedom of expression, including the freedom to

seek, receive and impart information, liberty of movement, freedom of thought, conscience

and religion, and freedom of peaceful assembly and association, and at the detention of

journalists, human rights defenders, political actors, religious leaders and practitioners in

Eritrea;

7. Reiterates that all those responsible for past and present human rights

violations and abuses in Eritrea must be held accountable;

8. Also reiterates its calls upon the Government of Eritrea:

(a) To end its use of arbitrary detention of persons in Eritrea, and to end the use

of torture or other cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment or punishment;

(b) To account for all those arbitrarily detained, including members of the G-15

reform group, journalists, political prisoners and those detained in the aftermath of the

attempted takeover on 21 January 2013 of the building housing the Ministry of Information,

and either to release them or to ensure that they are given a fair and transparent trial without

any further undue delay and with full respect for minimum fair-trial guarantees;

(c) To put an end to the system of indefinite national service by demobilizing

national service conscripts who have completed their mandatory 18 months of service, as

announced by the Government of Eritrea, and by effectively ending the practice of

engaging them in forced labour after such a period, to provide for conscientious objection

to military service, and to end the compulsory practice of all children undertaking the final

year of schooling in a military training camp;

(d) To respect everyone’s right to freedom of expression and to freedom of

thought, conscience and religion or belief, and the right to freedom of peaceful assembly

and association;

(e) To ensure free, fair and equal access to an independent and impartial court to

challenge the lawfulness of any detention, and to improve prison conditions, including by

prohibiting the use of underground cells and shipping containers to hold prisoners, ending

3 See A/HRC/35/39.

the use of secret detention centres and the practice of incommunicado detention, allowing

regular access to prisoners for relatives, legal advocates and independent monitoring

mechanisms, and to permit prompt and regular unhindered access to medical care;

(f) To end the practice of forcing citizens to participate in the militia;

(g) To investigate promptly all allegations of extrajudicial killings, torture and

other cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment or punishment, rape and sexual abuse within

the national service, and to bring perpetrators to justice;

(h) To end the practice of shooting to wound or kill Eritrean citizens attempting

to cross the border to flee the country;

(i) To enhance further the promotion and protection of women’s rights,

including by taking additional measures to combat harmful practices, such as child, early

and forced marriage and female genital mutilation;

(j) To take immediate concrete measures to implement the recommendations

made during its second universal periodic review, to report on progress made and to

cooperate fully with the Human Rights Council and during the third cycle of the universal

periodic review;

(k) To end “guilt-by-association” policies that target family members of those

who evade national service, seek to flee Eritrea or commit any other acts alleged to be

crimes;

(l) To ensure the right to form and join political parties and guarantee the right

and opportunity of all citizens to take part at all levels in the political process and to vote

and be elected in free, fair and transparent democratic elections, guaranteeing the free

expression of the will of the people;

(m) To strengthen cooperation further with the Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with its international human rights

obligations;

(n) To allow unhindered access to the country to further missions by the Office

of the High Commissioner, the human rights treaty bodies and all mechanisms of the

Human Rights Council, and to cooperate with all international and regional human rights

mechanisms;

(o) To provide the Office of the High Commissioner with all relevant

information on the identity, safety, well-being and whereabouts of all detained persons and

persons missing in action, including members of the G-15, journalists, those detained in the

aftermath of the attempted takeover on 21 January 2013 of the building of the Ministry of

Information and the 13 Djiboutian combatants still detained;

(p) To work to finalize and implement the Constitution of 1997 in consultation

with all relevant stakeholders;

9. Encourages States in which witnesses reside to protect those who have

cooperated with the commission of inquiry and the Special Rapporteur, and in particular to

protect them from reprisals;

10. Welcomes the Special Rapporteur’s preliminary contact with the African

Union, and takes note of her recommendations for a regional accountability mechanism,

given the assertion by the commission of inquiry that neither a hybrid tribunal nor a truth

commission would be a viable option in the current circumstances;

11. Urges Eritrea to make available information pertaining to the remaining

Djiboutian prisoners of war missing since the clashes of 10 to 12 June 2008 so that those

concerned may ascertain the presence and condition of Djiboutian prisoners of war;

12. Decides to extend the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of

human rights in Eritrea for a period of one year, and requests the mandate holder to

continue as appropriate the follow-up on the implementation of the recommendations of the

commission of inquiry and her recommendations in her report, on the situation of human

rights in Eritrea, to submit and present a written report to the Human Rights Council at its

thirty-eighth session, and to address and engage in an interactive dialogue with the General

Assembly at its seventy-second session;

13. Also decides to hold an enhanced interactive dialogue on the situation of

human rights in Eritrea at its thirty-seventh session, with the participation of the Special

Rapporteur, the Office of the High Commissioner, civil society and other relevant

stakeholders;

14. Calls upon the Government of Eritrea to consider the establishment of a

presence of the Office of the High Commissioner in Eritrea with a holistic mandate to

protect, promote and monitor human rights with unhindered access;

15. Also calls upon the Government of Eritrea to cooperate fully with the Special

Rapporteur, to permit the Special Rapporteur and her staff members unrestricted access to

visit the country, to give due consideration to the recommendations contained in the reports

of the Special Rapporteur, and to provide her with the information necessary for the

fulfilment of her mandate, and underlines the importance for all States to lend their support

to the Special Rapporteur for the discharge of her mandate;

16. Requests the Office of the High Commissioner to continue to enhance

engagement in improving the situation of human rights in Eritrea, and to present an oral

update to the Human Rights Council at its thirty-seventh session on progress made in the

cooperation between Eritrea and the Office, and on its impact on the situation of human

rights in Eritrea;

17. Calls upon the Government of Eritrea to immediately stop the practice of

demanding that Eritreans in the diaspora sign the B4/4.2 form (the so-called “regret form”)

in which they accept responsibility for any crime, if committed, before leaving the country,

in order to be entitled to consular services from Eritrean diplomatic missions;

18. Also calls upon the Government of Eritrea to stop the use of extortion, threats

of violence, fraud and other illicit means to collect taxes outside Eritrea from its nationals

or other individuals of Eritrean origin, and to abstain from such practices;

19. Urges the international community to strengthen efforts and collaboration to

ensure the protection of those fleeing from Eritrea, in particular unaccompanied children;

20. Encourages business enterprises to carry out appropriate human rights due

diligence in order to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for how they address their

human rights impact, including with respect to allegations of use of conscript labour;

21. Encourages Member States to increase attention and, if feasible, resources to

improve the situation of human rights in Eritrea by strengthening engagement with the

Government of Eritrea;

22. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Special Rapporteur with all

information and the resources necessary to fulfil her mandate;

23. Requests the General Assembly to submit the report and the oral updates of

the commission of inquiry to all relevant organs of the United Nations for consideration and

appropriate action;

24. Reiterates its strong encouragement to the African Union to follow up on the

report and recommendations of the commission of inquiry and the update on human rights

in Eritrea by establishing an investigation, supported by the international community, with

a view to examining and bringing to justice those responsible for crimes involving

violations and abuses of human rights identified by the commission of inquiry, including

any that may amount to a crime against humanity;

25. Decides to remain seized of the matter.

38th meeting

23 June 2017

[Adopted without a vote.]